Table 1. Observed differences in traits of temperate and tropical passerines, and the predicted relationships with mass and tarsus growth rates (K).

Variables		Mass growth rate	Tarsus growth rate	Nestling period	Incubation period
Mass growth rates		--	↑	↓	↓
Tarsus growth rates		↑	--	↓	↓
Nestling period		↓	↓	--	↑
Incubation period		↓	↓	↑	--
Clutch size		↑	↑	-	↓
Relative egg mass		↓	↓	↑	↑
Adult mass		↓	↓	↑	↑
Nest type	open-cup	↑	↑	↑	↑
	enclosed-cup	↓	↓	↓	↓
	cavity	↓	↓	↓	↓
Nest height		↓	↓	↑	↑
Incubation type	uni	↓	↓	-	↓
	bi	↑	↑	-	↑
Parental care type	uni	↓	↓	↓	↓
	bi	↑	↑	↑	↓

Cells are shaded to indicate predicted positive (dark gray, ↑), negative (light gray, ↓), or neutral (medium gray, -) relationships between the development traits of interest (columns) and a set of associated variables (rows).

[4,7,15,31,33,36–46].