Fig. 5.

Pressure field and transvalvular pressure gradient. (A) Pressure contours superimposed with streamlines at peak opening ($t=0.25$ s). The transvalvular pressure gradient is evaluated for each case as the difference between the left-ventricular pressure (0.1 cm below the annulus) and the aortic pressure (1.3 cm above the annulus) at the indicated points on each side of the valve. (B) Transvalvular pressure gradient across each valve. (C) Frequency domain from the DFT operations for $t=0.1$ to 0.3 s of the transvalvular pressure. High-resolution version of this figure is available in the SI Appendix.