TABLE II.

Summary of Characteristics of Included Studies^*

Study	Study Design	LOE	Age for Inclusion (yr)	Inclusion Criteria	Definition of Acceptable Reduction	No. of Patients		No. of CRC Patients Who Required VLP	ITT Analysis	No. of Fractures: A2, A3		No. of Fractures: C1, C2, C3		Time to Last Radiographic Measurement (mo)	Last Follow-up† (mo)
						VLP	CRC			VLP	CRC	VLP	CRC
Arora21 (2011)	RCT‡	I	65	Independent living; available for follow-up; isolated injury; inadequate reduction or loss of reduction at 1-wk follow-up	<10° dorsal angulation; <3 mm radial shortening; <2 mm articular step-off	36	37	0	NA	3, 7	3, 9	4, 12, 10	11, 8, 6	12	12
Bartl17 (2014)	RCT	I	65	Unstable intra-articular fracture	Unclear	86	88	37	Y	0, 0	0, 0	36, 35, 15	40, 35, 13	3	12
Martinez-Mendez28 (2018)	RCT	I	60	Displaced complex intra-articular fracture, not open; history of stroke	>15° radial inclination, <15° dorsal angulation, <2 mm ulnar variance, <2 mm step-off	50	47	0	NA	0, 0	0, 0	23, 23, 4	22, 20, 5	24	24
Sirniö27 (2019)	RCT	I	60‡	Isolated displaced fracture, not open; initial visit within 1 wk of injury; acceptable initial reduction; no previous wrist/hand disorder limiting function	<10° dorsal angulation; >15° radial inclination; <2 mm ulnar variance	23	29	12	Y	16§	18§	7§	11§	24	24
Mulders14 (2019)	RCT	I	60‡	Isolated displaced extra-articular fracture, not open; no impairment of wrist prior to injury; sufficient mental capacity	>15° radial inclination; <15° dorsal angulation; <20° palmar angulation; <5 mm radial height loss	21	22	0	NA	5, 16	3, 19	0, 0, 0	0, 0, 0	12	12
Saving15 (2019)	RCT	I	70#	>20° dorsal tilt; extra-articular fracture or intra-articular fracture with <1 mm step-off; isolated non-high-energy traumatic injury; no prior impairment of either wrist; no psychiatric disorders or substance abuse; independent in daily living; ASA class 1-3; initial visit within 6 days of injury	<20° dorsal angulation; <4 mm axial shortening	58	64	0	NA	6, 33	10, 28	11, 7, 1	20, 6, 0	12	12

^*LOE = Level of Evidence, VLP = volar locking plate, CRC = closed reduction and casting, ITT = intent-to-treat, RCT = randomized controlled trial, NA = not applicable, and ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists.

^†Last follow-up for all variables excluding radiographic measurements. Last follow-up was the same for VLP and CRC groups for each study.

^‡Raw data set provided by authors; age cutoff of 60 was defined a priori.

^§Fracture type was provided as the total for type A and for type C.

^#Initially 75, but lowered at 1 institution halfway through the study due to limited enrollment.