Figure 1.

Gender differences in socially drinking volunteers’ average subjective responses to individually calibrated exposure to stress, alcohol cue, and neutral-relaxing control provocation conditions, assessed repeatedly over time in an experimental study.

Figure 1a: Average subjective sadness response over time to neutral, stress, and alcohol cue conditions by gender (in stress: women > men, p = .01). Figure 1b: Average subjective anxiety response over time to neutral, stress, and alcohol cue conditions by gender (in stress: women > men, p < .0001). Figure 1c: Average observed nonverbal behavioral and body responses to neutral, stress, and alcohol cue conditions by gender (in stress: women > men, p = .04). Source: Reproduced with permission from Chaplin et al. 2008.22 Copyright © 2008 Research Society on Alcoholism and the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism. Published by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved.