Fig. 1.

Frequency of first digit in growth model in the absence of control intervention. Note: $P\left(t\right)=e^c{e}^{\alpha t}$, where $e^c\sim N(1.1,0.01)$, $\alpha \sim N\left(0.1,0.03\right)$, and $T=50$; Simulated first-digit distribution of the growth model in the absence of control intervention is represented (gray) along with the corresponding probability mass for Benford’s distribution (black).