Table 1.
Demographic features, lifestyle behaviors, clinical manifestations, serologic tests, disease activity, and damage accrual in patients with pSS.
| Features | C3 complement levels | C4 complement levels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Normal (n=85) | Low (n=9) | p | Normal (n=81) | Low (n=13) | p | |
| Age, mean (SD) years | 52.7 (12.6) | 49.3 (10.3) | 0.443 | 53.3 (12.4) | 45.7 (12.4) | 0.047 |
| Gender, % female | 94.1 | 88.9 | 0.463 | 93.8 | 92.3 | 0.999 |
| Disease duration, mean years (SD) | 5.6 (4.2) | 8.7 (8.4) | 0.568 | 5.5 (4.2) | 8.7 (7.2) | 0.160 |
| Lifestyle behaviors, % | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption | 5.9 | 11.1 | 0.463 | 4.9 | 15.4 | 0.192 |
| Cigarette smoking | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.999 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 0.454 |
| Exercise | 28.2 | 33.3 | 0.713 | 27.2 | 38.5 | 0.510 |
| Extraglandular manifestations, % | ||||||
| Arthralgia | 82.4 | 88.9 | 0.999 | 82.7 | 84.6 | 0.999 |
| Arthritis | 24.7 | 44.4 | 0.240 | 24.7 | 38.5 | 0.321 |
| Urticarial rash | 4.7 | 22.2 | 0.100 | 4.9 | 15.4 | 0.192 |
| Pure sensory neuropathy | 17.7 | 44.4 | 0.078 | 21.0 | 15.4 | 0.999 |
| Mixed polyneuropathy | 10.6 | 0.0 | 0.593 | 11.1 | 0.0 | 0.352 |
| Leukocytoclastic vasculitis | 8.2 | 44.4 | 0.010 | 7.4 | 38.5 | 0.007 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 1.2 | 33.3 | 0.002 | 1.2 | 23.1 | 0.008 |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.999 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.999 |
| Renal tubular acidosis | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.999 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.999 |
| Anemia | 37.7 | 22.2 | 0.480 | 34.6 | 46.2 | 0.536 |
| Leukopenia (<4,000/mm3) | 32.1 | 22.2 | 0.715 | 32.1 | 25.0 | 0.748 |
| Neutropenia (<1,500/mm3) | 7.1 | 11.1 | 0.522 | 6.2 | 16.7 | 0.222 |
| Lymphopenia (<1,000/mm3) | 26.2 | 33.3 | 0.698 | 25.0 | 38.5 | 0.325 |
| Thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm3) | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.999 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 0.574 |
| Hypergammaglobulinemia | 28.2 | 11.1 | 0.436 | 24.7 | 38.5 | 0.321 |
| Serologic tests, % | ||||||
| Antinuclear antibodies | 84.3 | 77.8 | 0.637 | 83.7 | 83.3 | 0.999 |
| Rheumatoid factor | 57.3 | 50.0 | 0.723 | 56.4 | 58.3 | 0.900 |
| Anti-Ro antibodies | 85.9 | 77.8 | 0.618 | 86.4 | 76.9 | 0.403 |
| Anti-La antibodies | 37.7 | 44.4 | 0.728 | 37.0 | 46.2 | 0.530 |
| Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies | 36.5 | 44.4 | 0.723 | 35.8 | 46.2 | 0.543 |
| ESSDAI | ||||||
| Activity index score, mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.9) | 1.1 (1.5) | 0.248 | 0.6 (0.8) | 1.5 (1.7) | 0.013 |
| Activity index score ≥1, % | 42.4 | 66.7 | 0.290 | 39.5 | 76.9 | 0.012 |
| SSDDI | ||||||
| Damage index score, mean (SD) | 0.5 (0.9) | 2.2 (2.2) | 0.002 | 0.5 (0.8) | 2.0 (2.2) | 0.003 |
| Damage index score ≥1, % | 36.5 | 77.8 | 0.028 | 35.8 | 69.2 | 0.023 |
ESSDAI: European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index; pSS: primary Sjögren’s syndrome; SD: standard deviation; SSDDI: Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Damage Index.