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. 2020 Aug 17;10:13902. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70849-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Two-dimensional imaging results. I_PSFs for pinholes and spectrum (a) 100 μm (Δλ = 33 nm), (b) 100 μm (Δλ = 1 nm), (c) 20 μm (Δλ = 33 nm). (d) Identical signatures in (a–c) in a line is plotted in black, dotted green and red lines respectively. (e) I_O recorded for the USAF object with spectral filter. The results of non-linear correlation (α = 0, β = 0.6) (f) between (e) and (a), (g) between (e) and (b) and, (h) between (e) and (c). (i) I_O recorded for an area of insect wing and (j) reconstruction result. (k) The image of a wing from a regular microscope with ×5 magnification. (l) I_PSF recorded only by the central area (1/3rd) of the image sensor, (m) random intensity distribution recorded after the pinhole is shifted in the object plane to move the direct image beyond the field of view limit of direct imaging. (n) Reconstruction result of the non-linear correlation between (i) and (j). The red dotted lines in (n) indicates the boundary of the field of view. The red marker in (l) and (m) indicates the location of the direct image. The blue dotted line indicates the line data region used for comparison in (d).