Fig. 4.

Sensitivity of the control reproduction number (${ℛ}_c$) to face masks usage and diagnostic detection rate of asymptomatic individuals. Heat maps of the control reproduction number, as a function of cloth face mask use compliance ($c_m$) and percentage increases in the maximum detection rate of asymptomatic infected individuals (${\tau }_{dmax}$), for various efficacy levels of face masks in the states of Arizona, Florida, New York and the entire US. (a)–(d): cloth masks used (with efficacy ${\epsilon }_m=0.25$) in the states of Arizona, Florida, New York and all of US, respectively. (e)–(h): surgical/medical masks used (with efficacy ${\epsilon }_m=0.50$) in the state of Arizona, Florida, New York and all of US, respectively. Parameter values used in the simulations are as given in Tables A3–A7 in Appendix A.