Table 1.
Demographics of patients with and without PH for the full cohort
| Covariates | No PH, mPAP ≤ 20 mmHg, n = 36 | No PH, mPAP < 25 mmHg, n = 71 | PH, mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg, n = 420 | p value < 25 vs ≥ 25 mmHg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 61 (14) | 60 (15) | 65 (13) | < 0.001 |
| Sex % female | 69% | 58% | 0.013 | |
| BSA (m2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.86 (0.27) | 1.83 (0.23) | 0.377 |
| WHO FC % (1/2/3/4) | 0/18/17/1 | 0/49/50/1 | 0/7/83/10 | < 0.001 |
| ISWT | ||||
| Distance (m) | 346 (211) | 315 (203) | 206 (187) | < 0.001 |
| RHC | ||||
| mRAP (mmHg) | 5 (3) | 6 (3) | 11 (6) | < 0.001 |
| mPAP (mmHg) | 17 (2) | 20 (3) | 45 (13) | < 0.001 |
| PAWP (mmHg) | 9 (5) | 11 (5) | 13 (5) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 5.5 (1.4) | 5.7 (1.5) | 4.8 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
| PVR (dyns) | 120 (1250) | 138 (102) | 603 (385) | < 0.001 |
| Computed tomography | ||||
| Right heart metrics | ||||
| RA area | 2085 (659) | 2263 (1152) | 3108 (1144) | < 0.001 |
| RV diameter (mm) | 36 (7.7) | 38 (8.1) | 45 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
| RV muscle wall area (mm2) | 247 (114) | 272 (117) | 416 (184) | < 0.001 |
| RV chamber area (mm2) | 2084 (658) | 2272 (766) | 3005 (918) | 0.011 |
| RV outflow tract (mm) | 4.8 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.4) | 7.0 (1.9) | 0.004 |
| Septal angle (degrees) | 129 (7.2) | 132 (9.5) | 151 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| Left heart metrics | ||||
| LA area (mm2) | 1967 (479) | 2095 (632) | 2165 (768) | 0.47 |
| LV chamber area (mm2) | 2256 (656) | 2405 (707) | 2123 (704) | 0.002 |
| LV muscle area (mm2) | 1549 (357) | 1618 (396) | 1586 (450) | 0.584 |
| Ratios | ||||
| RA area/LA area ratio | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.39) | 1.6 (1.46) | 0.003 |
| RV diameter/LV diameter | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.95 (0.25) | 1.33 (0.46) | < 0.001 |
| RV muscle area/LV muscle area | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.17 (0.77) | 0.28 (0.14) | < 0.001 |
| RV chamber area/LV chamber area | 1.0 (0.3) | 0.99 (0.38) | 1.56 (0.75) | < 0.001 |
| Vessel measurements | ||||
| Main PA diameter (mm) | 26 (4) | 26 (4.0) | 33 (5.3) | 0.07 |
| Main PA/ascending aorta ratio (ratio) | 0.84 (0.13) | 0.87 (0.17) | 1.05 (0.19) | < 0.001 |
| Main PA/descending aorta ratio (ratio) | 1.17 (0.20) | 1.2 (0.22) | 1.43 (0.30) | < 0.001 |
| Left PA diameter (mm) | 21.1 (4.1) | 22 (3.6) | 25 (3.7) | < 0.001 |
| Right PA diameter (mm) | 21.9 (4.3) | 22 (4.4) | 26 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
| Inferior vena cava area (mm2) | 525 (144) | 579 (209) | 639 (207) | 0.023 |
| Superior vena cava area (mm2) | 305 (80) | 320 (104) | 382 (134) | < 0.001 |
| Hepatic reflux of contrast (score 0 to 3) |
0 (18), 1 (13), 2 (3), 3 (1) |
0 (35), 1 (24), 2 (7) and 3 (4) |
0 (128), 1 (117), 2 (98) and 3 (73) |
< 0.001 |
BSA, body surface area; WHO FC, World Health Organisation functional class; mRAP, mean right atrial pressure; mPAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PAWP, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery