Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Overall (n = 719) | No perioperative stroke (n = 707) | Perioperative stroke (n = 12) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, female | 132/719 (18.4%) | 126/707 (17.8%) | 6/12 (50.0%) | 0.012 |
| Age, years | 68.0 (60.3–74.4) | 68.1 (60.9–74.3) | 64.7 (61.9–72.8) | 0.530 |
| Height, cm | 173.0 (168.0–178.0) | 173.0 (168.0–178.0) | 166.5 (160.5–174.5) | 0.203 |
| Weight, kg | 82.0 (74.0–94.0) | 82.0 (74.0–94.0) | 79.0 (73.3–99.5) | 0.698 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.0 (25.0–31.0) | 28.0 (25.0–31.0) | 28.0 (23.8–31.8) | 0.993 |
| Smoking history | 339/719 (47.1%) | 330/707 (46.7%) | 9/12 (75.0%) | 0.051 |
| Active smokers | 127/719 (17.7%) | 124/707 (17.5%) | 3/12 (25.0%) | 0.453 |
| Family history of coronary heart disease | 117/719 (16.3%) | 115/707 (16.3%) | 2/12 (16.7%) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 285/719 (39.7%) | 278/707 (39.3%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 0.207 |
| IDDM | 107/719 (14.9%) | 104/707 (14.7%) | 3/12 (25.0%) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 565/719 (78.6%) | 556/707 (78.6%) | 9/12 (75.0%) | 0.727 |
| Renal insufficiency, mild to moderate | 96/719 (13.4%) | 91/707 (12.9%) | 5/12 (41.7%) | 0.014 |
| Dialysis | 14/719 (1.9%) | 10/707 (1.4%) | 4/12 (33.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1.0 (0.85–1.2) | 1.0 (0.85–1.2) | 1.28 (0.83–3.05) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 651/719 (90.5%) | 641/707 (90.7%) | 10/12 (83.3%) | 0.316 |
| Carotid stenosis and history of stroke | 71/719 (9.9%) | 69/707 (9.8%) | 2/12 (16.7%) | 0.336 |
| Asymptomatic carotid stenosis | 162/719 (22.5%) | 158/707 (22.3%) | 4/12 (33.3%) | 0.483 |
| PAOD | 135/719 (18.8%) | 131/707 (18.5%) | 4/12 (33.3%) | 0.253 |
| Chronic lung disease | 206/719 (28.7%) | 202/707 (28.6%) | 4/12 (33.3%) | 0.552 |
| Previous CABG | 12/719 (1.7%) | 11/707(1.6%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | 0.184 |
| Previous heart valve operation | 3/719 (0.4%) | 3/707 (0.4%) | 0/12 | 1.000 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 378/719 (52.6%) | 369/707 (52.2%) | 9/12 (75.0%) | 0.117 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 55.0 (45.0–60.0) | 55.0 (45.0–60.0) | 60.0 (45.0–60.0) | 0.341 |
| Atrial arrhythmia | 95/719 (13.2%) | 94/707 (13.3%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||
| One-vessel | 21/719 (2.9%) | 21/707 (3.0%) | 0/12 | 0.513 |
| Two-vessel | 85/719 (11.8%) | 84/707 (11.9%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | |
| Three-vessel | 613/719 (85.3%) | 602/707 (85.1%) | 11/12 (91.7%) | |
| Indication for surgery | ||||
| Elective | 457/719 (63.6%) | 450/707 (63.6%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 0.796 |
| Urgent | 234/719 (32.5%) | 229/707 (32.4%) | 5/12 (41.7%) | |
| Emergency | 28/719 (3.9%) | 28/707 (4.0%) | 0/12 | |
cm, centimeter; kg, kilogram; BMI, body mass index; kg/m2, kilogram per square meter; NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; mg/dl, milligrams per deciliter; PAOD, peripheral artery occlusive disease, CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting, NYHA, New York Heart Association classification; p, no perioperative stroke versus perioperative stroke.