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. 2020 Aug 17;10:13860. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70004-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Accuracy (a,c) and response times (b,d), depending on the comparisons considered for statistical analyses. To test for benefits of selective retro-cues, performance in selective and neutral retro-cues was compared, using paired sample t-tests. Because in neutral retro-cue trials, it was not possible to probe a non-cued item, the data depicted for selective retro-cues do not include non-cued probe trials (a,b). Accuracy (c) and response times (d), depending on probe type, refer exclusively to selective retro-cue trials because neutral retro-cue trials did not allow for the main comparison of interest between non-cued and new items. A repeated-measured ANOVA was conducted to test for effects of probe type. For further details on statistical analyses see the methods section. Boxplots illustrate the interquartile range and the median. Whiskers extend to 1.5 times the interquartile range. The dots indicate individual participants’ mean scores per condition. A black cross denotes the mean values across subjects for each condition.