Figure 2.

Establishment of the novel surgical bone-muscle model of simultaneous injury: (A) Images of the surgical model: I to IV—(I) vastus lateralis and femur anatomic localization in mouse and the schematic representation of muscle and bone surgical injury; (II) clinical aspect of muscle and bone injury; (III) 1-mm micro punch created a muscle defect to a depth of 1.5-mm until reaching the femoral bone; (IV) view of the subsequent defect induced by bone drilling using a 0.5-mm pilot drill at 600 rpm under constant irrigation. (B) Representative images for the immunolabeling of 5LO (arrows) in bone and muscle of young WT 7 days post-surgery (b), muscle (m), and periosteum (p) surrounding the bone defect. (C–F) MicroCT analysis: Femur containing bone defects were scanned with the microCT System (Skyscan 1174; Skyscan, Kontich, Belgium). (C) MicroCT 3D qualitative images were obtained from 7 to 14 days post-surgery in young and aged, male and female, and WT and 5LOKO mice. (D) ROI determined in the site of femur injury. (E,F) Bone Volume Fraction (BV/TV, %) was quantified at days 7 and 14 post-surgery, and results are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between young and aged mice for each sex and strain (p < 0.05).