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. 2020 Aug 11;11:494. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00494

Table 2.

Baseline and follow-up clinical characteristics of participants according to the treatments (Intention To Treat analysis).

Placebo (n = 41) BC (n = 45)
Variables Basal Follow-up p-value
(paired t-test)
Basal Follow-up p-value
(paired t-test)
p-value
(unpaired t-test between basal values)
p-value (unpaired t-test between follow-up values)
Weight (Kg) 80 ± 11 77 ± 11 <0.001 80 ± 12 76 ± 12 <0.001 0.87 0.64
BMI (Kg/m2) 28.7 ± 4 27.7 ± 4 <0.001 29.2 ± 3 27.6 ± 3 <0.001 0.53 0.76
WC (cm) 97 ± 8 93 ± 8 <0.001 99 ± 10 95 ± 9 <0.001 0.23 0.52
HC (cm) 107 ± 7 103 ± 6 <0.001 106 ± 7 102 ± 7 <0.001 0.52 0.50
FM (Kg) 25 ± 8 22 ± 8 <0.001 25 ± 7 21 ± 7 <0.001 0.93 0.54
SBP (mmHg) 111 ± 17 110 ± 13 0.73 111 ± 14 109 ± 12 0.31 0.97 0.70
DBP (mmHg) 71 ± 15 71 ± 9 0.91 73 ± 11 72 ± 10 0.58 0.48 0.90
CAP score (dB/m) 283 ± 40 256 ± 52 <0.001 295 ± 38 247 ± 42 <0.001 0.15 0.37
Stiffness (kPa) 5.1 ± 1.4 4.6 ± 1.2 0.046 5.0 ± 1.3 4.7 ± 1.2 0.18 0.68 0.74
Glucose (mg/dL) 92 ± 8 92 ± 8 0.95 93 ± 8 92 ± 13 0.85 0.35 0.95
Insulin (mU/L) 10.2 ± 4 8.9 ± 5 0.021 10.2 ± 5 8.3 ± 5 0.016 0.86 0.50
HOMA-IR 2.3 ± 1.1 2.1 ± 1.2 0.07 2.4 ± 1.3 2.0 ± 1.2 0.034 0.76 0.63
TC (mg/dL) 194 ± 40 189 ± 42 0.30 188 ± 34 177 ± 33 0.001 0.48 0.13
TG (mg/dL) 113 ± 48 110 ± 55 0.72 102 ± 47 101 ± 49 0.84 0.28 0.38
HDL-C (mg/dL) 50 ± 12 49 ± 11 0.55 52 ± 12 49 ± 13 0.002 0.38 0.99
LDL-C (mg/dL) 122 ± 35 117 ± 36 0.32 116 ± 32 107 ± 30 0.002 0.42 0.15
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) 144 ± 38 139 ± 42 0.34 136 ± 36 127 ± 34 0.003 0.32 0.13
AST (IU/L) 21 ± 9 20 ± 5 0.37 21 ± 6 19 ± 4 0.015 0.71 0.76
ALT (IU/L) 28 ± 21 22 ± 9 0.007 24 ± 13 19 ± 8 0.001 0.29 0.14
γGT (UI/L) 27 ± 21 25 ± 22 0.07 26 ± 18 22 ± 18 0.011 0.76 0.56
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.82 ± 0.1 0.85 ± 0.1 0.034 0.83 ± 0.1 0.83 ± 0.1 0.63 0.68 0.63
Uric Acid (mg/dL) 5.2 ± 1.1 5.3 ± 1.2 0.27 5.2 ± 1.1 5.1 ± 1.0 0.42 1 0.33
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.62 ± 0.3 0.69 ± 0.4 0.046 0.64 ± 0.3 0.65 ± 0.4 0.88 0.82 0.85
WBCs (x103/uL) 6.3 ± 1.3 6.0 ± 1.1 0.06 6.4 ± 1.6 6.0 ± 1.5 0.07 0.91 0.89
Lymphocyte (x103/uL) 1.91 ± 0.4 1.96 ± 0.4 0.58 2.06 ± 0.6 1.98 ± 0.7 0.47 0.31 0.95
Neutrophil (x103/uL) 3.68 ± 1.3 3.37 ± 0.8 0.19 4.01 ± 1.1 3.90 ± 0.9 0.60 0.87 0.027
Monocyte (x103/uL) 0.37 ± 0.1 0.36 ± 0.1 0.80 0.39 ± 0.1 0.38 ± 0.1 0.78 0.75 0.63
Cytokine evaluation
IL-1β (pg/mL) 3.08 ± 0.6 1.53 ± 0.8 <0.001 3.11 ± 0.8 1.75 ± 0.8 <0.001 0.85 0.24
IL-6 (pg/mL) 1.68 ± 0.8 2.57 ± 1.3 <0.001 1.92 ± 0.9 3.03 ± 1.3 <0.001 0.21 0.12
TNF-α (pg/mL) 3.08 ± 0.6 1.53 ± 0.8 <0.001 3.56 ± 3.9 2.04 ± 2.4 0.002 0.55 0.16

BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; FM, fat mass; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; WBCs, white blood cells; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.