TABLE 1.

An overview of results (mean ± SEM) for different sperm quality parameters analyses for both fresh and frozen-thawed semen samples in 14 months (n = 9) and 17 months (n = 8) old Norwegian red bulls.

	Fresh semen		Frozen-thawed semen
	14 months	17 months	14 months	17 months
Sperm concentration (106 cells/ml)	974 ± 83.80	1330 ± 133.40*	NA	NA
DFI	2.78 ± 0.30	1.83 ± 0.20*	2.02 ± 0.13	1.64 ± 0.20*
HDS	0.67 ± 0.07	0.80 ± 0.10*	0.64 ± 0.05	0.88 ± 0.15
ATP (nM/106 cells)	NA	NA	1.22 ± 0.13	1.16 ± 0.06
Viability (%)	NA	NA	62.15 ± 5.32	65.64 ± 2.85
Motility (%)	87.09 ± 1.51	98.10 ± 0.30*	58.45 ± 5.10	63.47 ± 2.95
Progressivity (%)	72.90 ± 2.00	87.23 ± 1.00*	52.16 ± 5.52	59.26 ± 3.16
Hyperactivity (%)	24.34 ± 1.83	24.21 ± 3.51	10.44 ± 2.24	12.50 ± 1.47

Asterisks indicate a significant difference between age in fresh or frozen-thawed samples based on linear mixed model. *p < 0.05 for all parameters except for DFI and HDS, where *p < 0.025 (Bonferroni corrected). NA, data not available; DFI, DNA fragmentation index; HDS, high DNA stainability; nM, nanomolar.