FIGURE 4.

Class III HDACs promote a stress-induced adaptation in muscle and regulate mitochondrial function. Class III HDACs are NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases and may function as a redox sensor in muscle cell. SIRT1 could activate PGC-1alpha by directly deacetylasing K13 site and regulate insulin sensitivity by targeting STAT3. Mitochondria-located Class III HDACs control mitochondrial function by deacetylating certain mitochondrial proteins, modulating muscle fuel utilization and exercise capacity.