Table 6.

Effects of 1 week on a high fat diet (HFD), low fat diet (LFD) or chow diet on the phosphorylation of proteins involved in insulin and IGF signaling in the hypothalamus of male and female rats (n =6), as well as, Iba1: ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a marker of microglia and cell stress markers (JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinases).

	Chow males	HFD males	LFD males	Chow females	HFD females	LFD females	Sig.
Iba1	100.0 ± 10.9	88.6 ± 12.0	97.1 ± 15.5	93.0 ± 14.1	90.9 ± 15.6	95.1 ± 18.5	n.s.
pAKT	100.0 ± 9.0	100.4 ± 8.3	103.6 ± 13.7	91.6 ± 11.1	87.8 ± 12.8	100.9 ± 20.6	n.s.
PI3KI	100.0 ± 13.1	151.9 ± 18.0	140.1 ± 14.3	155.3 ± 23.8	142.3 ± 15.1	119.1 ± 19.9	n.s.
pIRS1	100.0 ± 22.1	148.3 ± 21.8	183.0 ± 30.0	152.4 ± 31.2	132.4 ± 33.3	196.7 ± 55.7	n.s.
pJNK	100.0 ± 1.1	104.9 ± 3.0	104.9 ± 5.9	101.9 ± 2.7	99.0 ± 1.8	98.6 ± 4.5	n.s.

Phosphorylated proteins were normalized with the total form of the protein. ns, non-significant.