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. 2020 Aug 11;8:773. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00773

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Copyright © 2020 Wilkinson and Hardman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characteristics of senescent cells and their tissue consequences. Senescent cells feature morphological changes (1), chromatin modifications (2), loss of nuclear envelope lamin B1 (3), increased p16 and p21 (4), senescence-associated beta galactosidase activity (5) and production of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP, 6). SASP components (red) alter cellular processes (e.g., inflammation and angiogenesis) within the microenvironment. A chronic SASP causes negative outcomes, while a short-lived, transient SASP is beneficial.