Table 1.
Patient Characteristics before and after matching between the case and control groups, 2017
| BSI (N = 557) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No BSI (N = 118,043) | SMD* | No BSI (N = 557) | SMD* | Control (N = 557) | SMD* | ||
| Age (mean, SD) | 57.02 (21.3) | 51.09 (18.4) | 0.297 | 56.75 (18.1) | 0.013 | 56.29 (17.82) | 0.036 |
| Sex, female (n, %) | 195 (35.0) | 54,505 (46.2) | 0.229 | 206 (37.0) | 0.041 | 224 (40.2) | 0.108 |
| Insurance, yes (n, %) | 164 (29.4) | 33,386 (28.3) | 0.026 | 157 (28.2) | 0.028 | 126 (29.3) | 0.156 |
| Region (n, %) | 0.161 | 0.111 | 0.078 | ||||
| Northeast | 52 (9.3) | 13,192 (11.2) | 67 (12.0) | 47 (8.4) | |||
| Eastern | 80 (14.4) | 18,091 (15.3) | 86 (15.4) | 77 (13.8) | |||
| Northern | 348 (62.5) | 71,757 (60.8) | 337 (60.5) | 356 (63.9) | |||
| Central | 30 (5.4) | 8387 (7.1) | 23 (4.1) | 32 (5.7) | |||
| Southern | 9 (1.6) | 598 (0.5) | 9 (1.6) | 5 (0.9) | |||
| Southwest | 10 (1.8) | 1698 (1.4) | 8 (1.4) | 10 (1.8) | |||
| Northwest | 28 (5.0) | 4320 (3.7) | 27 (4.8) | 30 (5.4) | |||
| Charlson score (mean, SD) | 2.2 (2.6) | 1.6 (2.7) | 0.216 | 2.4 (2.9) | 0.066 | 2.4 (2.9) | 0.076 |
| ICU (n, %) | 91 (16.2) | 4577 (3.9) | 0.422 | 84 (15.3) | 0.030 | 79 (16.9) | 0.060 |
| Receive any procedures | |||||||
| Surgery (n, %) | 153 (27.5) | 41,014 (34.7) | 0.158 | 155 (27.8) | 0.008 | 126 (22.6) | 0.112 |
| Central line catheter (n, %) | 246 (44.2) | 10,207 (8.6) | 0.880 | 253 (45.4) | 0.025 | 213 (38.2) | 0.121 |
| Urinary catheter (n, %) | 235 (42.2) | 29,255 (24.8) | 0.375 | 220 (39.5) | 0.055 | 213 (38.2) | 0.081 |
| Ventilator (n, %) | 132 (23.7) | 4328 (3.7) | 0.609 | 136 (24.4) | 0.017 | 92 (16.5) | 0.180 |
| Primary discharge diagnosis (ICD-10) (n, %) | 0.665 | 0.175 | 0.259 | ||||
| A00-B99 | 16 (2.9) | 796 (0.7) | 15 (2.7) | 14 (2.5) | |||
| C00-D48 | 126 (22.6) | 24,090 (20.4) | 145 (26.0) | 130 (23.3) | |||
| D50-D89 | 5 (0.9) | 384 (0.3) | 5 (0.9) | 3 (0.5) | |||
| E00-E90 | 1 (0.2) | 2910 (2.5) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | |||
| F00-F99 | 0 | 194 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | |||
| G00-G99 | 13 (2.3) | 2331 (2.0) | 12 (2.2) | 11 (2.0) | |||
| H00-H59 | 0 | 3146 (2.7) | 0 | 0 | |||
| H60-H95 | 0 | 2290 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | |||
| I00-I99 | 54 (9.7) | 15,562 (13.2) | 49 (8.8) | 37 (6.6) | |||
| J00-J99 | 42 (7.5) | 3118 (2.6) | 37 (6.6) | 25 (4.5) | |||
| K00-K93 | 80 (14.4) | 7673 (6.5) | 81 (14.5) | 84 (15.1) | |||
| L00-L99 | 1 (0.2) | 860 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |||
| M00-M99 | 15 (2.7) | 8178 (6.9) | 10 (1.8) | 8 (1.4) | |||
| N00-N99 | 25 (4.5) | 7336 (6.2) | 18 (3.2) | 25 (4.5) | |||
| O00-O99 | 3 (0.5) | 2841 (2.4) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (0.9) | |||
| P00-P96 | 6 (1.1) | 656 (0.6) | 8 (1.4) | 8 (1.4) | |||
| Q00-Q99 | 4 (0.7) | 1760 (1.5) | 6 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | |||
| R00-R99 | 5 (0.9) | 729 (0.6) | 5 (0.9) | 6 (1.1) | |||
| S00-T98 | 34 (6.1) | 3265 (2.8) | 29 (5.2) | 27 (4.8) | |||
| Z00-Z99 | 127 (22.8) | 29,913 (25.3) | 136 (24.4) | 168 (30.2) | |||
Model 1, no matching; Model 2, conventional propensity score matching; Model 3, risk set matching. BSI Bloodstream infection, SMD Standardized mean difference. A00-B99 Certain infectious and parasitic diseases, C00-D48 Neoplasms, D50-D89 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, E00-E90 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, F00-F99 Mental and behavioral disorders, G00-G99 Diseases of the nervous system, H00-H59 Diseases of the eye and adnexa, H60-H95 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process, I00-I99 Diseases of the circulatory system, J00-J99 Diseases of the respiratory system, K00-K93 Diseases of the digestive system, L00-L99 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, M00-M99 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, N00-N99 Diseases of the genitourinary system, O00-O99 Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, P00-P96 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period, Q00-Q99 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities, R00-R99 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified, S00-T98 Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, Z00-Z99 Factors influencing health status and contact with health services