Table 7.
Studies on the use of botulinum toxin in post-surgical syndrome.
| References | Cause of pain | Study type | Blinding | Comparator | Pts n° | Injection route/site | Toxin type* | Dose (U) | Major findings | AEs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (74) | Post-thoracotomy | Case report | na | na | 1 | SC | Onabotulinum toxin type A-Botox® | 2.5 for site | 50% VAS score improvement, sustained up to week 12 | - |
| (75) | Post-thoracotomy | Case report | na | na | 1 | SC | Botulinum toxin type A | 50 | Significant reduction of pain at day 4 sustained up to month 4 | - |
| (76) | Post-surgical and post radiation therapy | PS | s | na | 25 | IM, SC | Incobotulinum toxin A | 100 | Significant improvement in VAS score and patients satisfaction | 2 skin reactions |
| (77) | Post-mastectomy | RCT | d | Placebo | 30 | IM | Onabotulinum toxin type A-Botox® | 40 for each pectoralis | Significant pain reduction in VAS score (p < .05) | - |
| (78) | Post-mastectomy | RS | na | Controls | 48 | IM | Botulinum toxin type A | 100 | Significant reduction pain in postoperative (p < 0.0001), during initial (P = 1.6 × 10(6)) and final expansion (p = 0.009) | - |
PS, prospective study; RCT, randomized controlled trials; RS, retrospective study; s, single; d, double; na, not applicable; SC, subcutaneous; IM, intramuscular; *term as originally reported in the study; U, units; VAS, visual analog scale; NRS, numeric rating scale; -, not reported.