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Model showing how PRRSV utilizes viral apoptotic mimicry and TIM-induced macropinocytosis as an alternative pathway to infect host cells. In addition to CME, TIM-1/4 recognizes PRRSV as apoptotic mimicry and induces macropinocytosis via the Rac1/Cdc42-Pak1 signaling pathway. PRRSV enters SNX5-macropinosomes via macropinocytosis as an alternative pathway, where CD163 functions as an indispensable receptor.
