TABLE 1.

Primer sequences for RT-qPCR.

Targeted genes	Primer sequences
miR-448	F: 5′-TTATTGCGATGTGTTCCTTATG-3′
	R: 5′-ATGCATGCCACGGGCATATACACT-3′
miR-133b	F: 5′-GCGCTTTGGTCCCCTTC-3′
	R: 5′-CAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGT-3′
PRDM16	F: 5′-CCACCAGCGAGGACTTCAC-3′
	R: 5′-GGAGGACTCTCGTAGCTCGAA-3′
TGF-β	F: 5′-CCACCTGCAAGACCATCGAC-3′
	R: 5′-CTGGCGAGCCTTAGTTTGGAC-3′
Smad2	F: 5′-AAGCCATCACCACTCAGAATTG-3′
	R: 5′-CACTGATCTACCGTATTTGCTGT-3′
Smad3	F: 5′-AGGGGCTCCCTCACGTTATC-3′
	R: 5′-CATGGCCCGTAATTCATGGTG-3′
U6	F: 5′-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3′
	R: 5′-AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT-3′
GAPDH	F: 5′-GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT-3′
	R: 5′-GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG-3′

F, forward; R, reverse; miR-448, microRNA-448; miR-133b, microRNA-133b; PRDM16, PR domain containing 16; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; Smad2, SMAD family member 2; Smad3, SMAD family member 3; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.