Table 1. Root canal sealers reviewed in this article and their chemical compositions.
| Material base | Products | Manufacturer | Composition |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZOE | Roth's 801 [M] | Roth International, Miami, FL, USA | Powder: zinc oxide, staybelite resin, bismuth sub-carbonate, barium sulfate, sodium borate; Liquid: eugenol |
| Pulp Canal sealer [M] | Kerr, Orange, CA, USA | Powder: zinc oxide 30%–60%, 5,5′-diisopropyl-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4′-diyl dihypoiodite 0.1%–5%; Liquid: eugenol 60%–90%, Canada balsam 10%–30% | |
| Tubli Seal [M] | Kerr, Orange, CA, USA | Base: zinc oxide 60%–100%, white mineral oil (petroleum) 10%–30%; Accelerator: eugenol 30%–60%, 5,5′-diisopropyl-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4′-diyl dihypoiodite 5%–10% | |
| Endo N2 [M] | Ghimas, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy | Powder: zinc oxide 65.68%, nitrate bismuth 15.17%, carbonate bismuth 10.1%, paraformaldehyde 4%, titanium dioxide 4.76%, red ferric oxide 0.1%, zinc stearate 0.075%, dehydrate zinc acetate 0.075%, yellow ferric oxide 0.04%; Liquid: eugenol 77%, peanut oil 20%, rose oil 1.8%, lavender oil 1.2% | |
| CH | Sealapex root canal sealer [M] | Kerr, Orange, CA, USA | Base: N-ethyl-o (or p)-toluenesulfonamide 30%–60%, calcium oxide 30%–60%, zinc oxide 1%–5%, zinc distearate 1%–5%; Catalyst: methyl salicylate 10%–30%, 2,2 dimethylpropane-1,3-diol 1%–5%, isobutyl salicylate 1%–5% |
| Apexit Plus [M] | Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein | Base: calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide 36.9%, hydrated colophonium 54%, fillers and other auxiliary materials 9.1%; Activator: disalicylate 47.6%, bismuth hydroxide/bismuth carbonate 36.4%, fillers and other auxiliary materials 16% | |
| ER | AH 26 [M] | Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany | Powder: methenamine 25%–50%, titanium dioxide 2.5%–10%, silver 2.5%; Liquid: bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin resin 50%–100% |
| AH Plus [M] | Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany | Paste A: bisphenol A diglycidylether 25%–50%, bis-[4-(-2,3-epoxypropoxy) phenyl]-methane 2.5%–10%; Paste B: N,N′-dibenzyl-5-oxanonandiamin-1,9 10%–25%, amantadine 2.5%–10% | |
| Acroseal [M] | Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France | Base: resin acids, hydrogenated 25%–50%, TCD-diamine 10%–25%; Catalyst: bisphenol-A-(epichlorohydrin) epoxy resin 50%–100%, calcium dihydroxide 10%–25% | |
| Easyseal [M] | Komet Brasseler, GmbH Co., Lemgo, Germany | Paste 1: 4-[-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propan-2-yl] phenol-epichlorohydrine resin, alkylglycidyl ether, barium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate, diphenylolpropane-diglycidyl ether; Paste 2: polyalkoxyalkylamine-copolymer, 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexanmethylamine, aqua, barium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate, nanodispers silicone dioxide, polyhexamethylene biguanides-hydrochloride | |
| Theramseal [M] | Dentsply Meillefer, Konstanz, Germany | Paste A: epoxy resin, calcium tungstate, zirconium oxide, aerosol, iron oxide; Paste B: Adamantane amine, N,N′-dibenzyl-5-oxanonandiamin-1,9, TCD-diamine, calcium tungstate, zirconium oxide aerosol, silicone oil | |
| Topseal [M] | Dentsply Meillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland | Paste A: epoxy resin, calcium tungstate, zirconium oxide, aerosol, iron oxide; Paste B: adamantane amine, N,N′-dibenzyl-5-oxanonandiamin-1,9, TCD-diamine, calcium tungstate, zirconium oxide aerosol, silicone oil | |
| MR | Endorez [M] | Ultradent Product Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA | Base: diurethane dimethacrylate > 10 and ≤ 25%, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate > 10 and ≤ 25%, organophosphine oxide ≤ 2.5%, benzoyl peroxide ≤ 2.5%; Catalyst: diurethane dimethacrylate > 25 and ≤ 50%, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate > 10 and ≤ 25% |
| RealSeal (Eldeniz et al. [59]) | SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA | PEGDMA, EBPADMA, EDMA, BisGMA, silane-treated barium borosilicate glasses, barium sulphate, silica, calcium hydroxide, bismuth oxychloride with amines, peroxide, photoinitiator, stabilizers, pigment | |
| RealSeal SE [59] | SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA | EBPADMA, HEMA, BisGMA, acidic methacrylate resins, barium borosilicate glasses, silica, hydroxyapatite, Ca-Al-F-silicate, bismuth oxychloride with amines, peroxide, photoinitiator, stabilizers, pigment, aluminium oxide | |
| Hybrid Root Seal [59] | Sun Medical, Moriyama, Japan | Powder: zirconium oxide filler, SiO2 filler, and polymerization initiators; Liquid: 60% 4-META, 40% HEMA, dimethacrylates | |
| Epiphany (Nawal et al. [91]) | Pentron Clinical Technologies, Wallingford, CT, USA | UDMA, PEGDMA, EBPADMA, BisGMA, silane-treated barium-borosilicate glasses, barium sulfate, silica, calcium hydroxide, bismuth oxychloride with amines, peroxide, photo initiator, stabilizers, pigment | |
| Silicone | GuttaFlow [91] | Coltene/Whaledent, DPI, Mumbai, India | Paste A (sealer): poly-dimethyl polymethyl hydrogen siloxane, silicone oil, paraffin oil, zirconium dioxide, platin catalyst; Paste B (powder): gutta percha (0.9 μm), zinc oxide, barium sulphate, nanosilver particles (as a preservative) |
| CP | Apatite root sealer (Al-Haddad and Che Ab Aziz ZA [92]) | Dentsply Sankin, Tokyo, Japan | Powder: alpha tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, iodoform; Liquid: polyacrylic acid, water |
| CS | iRoot SP [59] | Innovative Bioceramix, Vancouver, BC, Canada | Zirconium oxide, calcium silicates, calcium phosphate monobasic, calcium hydroxide, filler, thickening agent |
| MTA Fllapex [M] | Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil | Paste A: salicylate resin, bismuth trioxide, fumed silica; Paste B: fumed silica, titanium dioxide, MTA (40%, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium oxide, tricalcium aluminate), base resin (pentaerythritol, rosinate, p-toluenesulfonamide) | |
| EndoSequence BC [M] | Brasseler, Savannah, GA, USA | Zirconium oxide 35%–45%, dicalcium silicate 7%–15%, tricalcium silicate 20%–35%, calcium hydroxide 1%–4%, fillers | |
| TotalFill BC [M] | FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland | Zirconium oxide 35%–45%, dicalcium silicate 7%–15%, tricalcium silicate 20%–35%, calcium hydroxide 1%–4%, fillers | |
| Bioroot RCS [59] | Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France | Powder: tricalcium silicate, zirconium oxide and excipients; Aqueous solution: calcium chloride and excipients | |
| Endoseal MTA [M] | Maruchi, Wonju, Korea | Calcium silicate, calcium aluminates, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium sulfates, radiopacifier, thickening agent | |
| Endo CPM [M] | EGEO S.R.L. Bajo Licencia MTM Argentina S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina | MTA: silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, bismuth trioxide, barium sulfate, propylene glycol alginate, sodium citrate, calcium chloride, active ingredients | |
| Nano Ceramic Sealer (Collado-González et al. [63]) | B&L Biotech, Fairfax, VA, USA | Calcium silicate, zirconium oxide, filler, thickening agent |
ZOE, zinc oxide-eugenol; CH, calcium hydroxide; ER, epoxy resin; MR, methacrylate resin; CP, calcium phosphate; CS, calcium silicate; M, provided from manufacturer; 4‐META, 4‐methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride; HEMA, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate; TCD, tricyclodecane; PEGDMA, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; EBPADMA, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate; EDMA, 3,4-ethylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine; BisGMA, bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate; UDMA, urethane dimethylate.