Table 5. Biocompatibility of the calcium silicate sealers in the articles included in this review.
| Material | Cells used | Compared material | Biocompatibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| iRoot SP | L929 mouse fibroblasts | AH Plus (ER), ProRoot MTA | ProRoot MTA > iRoot SP > AH Plus (Zhang et al. [57]) |
| MG 63 human osteoblast-like cells | AH Plus (ER) | iRoot SP: non-toxic, AH Plus: slightly cytotoxic (Zhang et al. [85]) | |
| hTGSCs | ProRoot MTA, Dycal (CH) | ProRoot MTA and iRoot SP: no cytotoxicity, Dycal: cytotoxicity (Güven et al. [87]) | |
| hPDL | Sealapex (CH), Apatite root sealer (CP), MTA Fillapex (CS) | None of the sealers were cytotoxic (Chang et al. [58]) | |
| EndoSequence BC | MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast cells | AH Plus (ER), Pulp Canal Sealer (ZOE) | AH Plus > EndoSequence BC > Pulp Canal Sealer (Loushine et al. [69]) |
| AH Plus (ER), MTA Fillapex (CS) | EndoSequence BC, MTA Fillapex > AH plus (Lee et al. [70]) | ||
| Human gingival fibroblasts | MTA Fillapex (CS), AH Plus (ER) | EndoSequence BC > AH plus > MTA Fillapex, AH Plus was cytotoxic as freshly mixed (Zhou et al. [65]) | |
| Balb/c3T3 mouse fibroblast | Endoseal MTA, MTA Fillapex (CS), AH Plus (ER) | Endoseal MTA, EndoSequence BC Sealer and AH Plus: similar cell viability, MTA Fillapex sealer: cytotoxic (da Silva et al. [67]) | |
| BioRoot RCS | hPDL | MTA-Fillapex, TotalFill BC (CS), GuttaFlow 2 (siolicone), AH Plus (ER), Roth's 801 (ZOE) | GuttaFlow 2 > TotalFill > BioRoot > MTA Fillapex > AH Plus > Roth's 801 (Taraslia et al. [61]) |
| MTA Fillapex (CS), AH Plus (ER), Pulp Canal Sealer (ZOE) | Bioroot RCS > AH Plus > MTA Fillapex, Pulp Canal Sealer (Jung et al. [60]) | ||
| AH Plus Jet, Acroseal (ER), EndoREZ, RealSeal, RealSeal SE, Hybrid Root Seal (MR), iRootSP, MTA Fillapex (CS) | BioRoot RCS > iRoot SP > MTA Fillapex > EndoREZ > AH Plus Jet > RealSeal SE > Acroseal > Realseal > Hybrid Root seal (Eldeniz et al. [59]) | ||
| HGF-1 (ATCC CRL-2014) | TotalFill BC, MTA Fillapex (CS), Sealapex (CH), AH Plus, EasySeal (ER), Pulp Canal Sealer, N2 (ZOE) | BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and AH Plus: no cytotoxic effects in the first 24 hr, All the other sealers: cytotoxic (Poggio et al. [31]) | |
| EasySeal, AH Plus (ER), SealapexTM (CH), MTA Fillapex, TotalFill BC (CS) | BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC > AH Plus, Sealapex TM > EasySeal, MTA Fillapex (Colombo et al. [32]) | ||
| Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells | EndoSequence BC (CS), AH Plus (ER) | BioRoot RCS, Endosequece BC > AH Plus (Alsubait et al. [103]) | |
| Endoseal MTA | MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast cells | ProRoot MTA, AH plus (ER) | ProRoot MTA, Endosael MTA > AH Plus (Lim et al. [104]) |
| hPDLSCs | Bioroot RCS, Endoseal MTA, Nano Ceramic Sealer (CS) | Bioroot RCS, Nano Ceramic Sealer > Endoseal MTA (Collado-González et al. [63]) | |
| Human gingival fibroblast | AH Plus (ER), MTA Fillapex, BioRoot RCS (CS) | MTA Fillapex > Bioroot RCS > AH plus > Endoseal MTA (Kebudi Benezra et al. [64]) |
MR, methacrylate resin; ER, epoxy resin; hTGSC, human tooth germ stem cell; CH, calcium hydroxide; hPDL, human periodontal ligament; CP, calcium phosphate; ZOE, zinc oxide-eugenol; CS, calcium silicate; HGF-1, human gingival fibroblast; hPDLSC, human periodontal ligament stem cell.