Table 6. Antibacterial effects on Enterococcus faecalis of the various calcium silicate sealers in the articles included in this review.
| Material | Compared material (based material) | Test method | Sealer setting | Evaluation time | Antibacterial effect against E. faecalis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iRoot SP | AH Plus (ER), Epiphany, EndoRez (MR), Apexit Plus, Sealapex (CH), Tubli Seal EWT (ZOE) | DCT | Fresh, 1, 3, and 7 days | 2–60 min | Fresh: iRoot SP, AH Plus, EndoRez, Sealapex, Epiphany; 1 day and 3 days: iRoot SP, EndoRez > Sealapex, Epiphany; 7 days: EndoRez, Sealapex (Zhang et al. [71]) |
| AH Plus (ER), Tubliseal EWT (ZOE), EndoRez (MR) | DCT | 20 min | Every 30 min up to 18 hr | AH Plus, iRoot SP (Nirupama et al. [81]) | |
| EndoSequence BC | AH Plus (ER) | ADT | Fresh | 48 hr | AH Plus > EndoSequence BC (Candeiro et al. [77]) |
| DCT | Fresh | 1, 24, 72, 168 hr | AH Plus > EndoSequence BC up to 1 hr, after 1 hr, similar effects [77] | ||
| AH Plus (ER), Pulp Canal Sealer (ZOE) | CLSM | Fresh | 1, 7, 30 days | EndoSequence BC, AH Plus > Pulp Canal Sealer (Wang et al. [79]) | |
| GuttaFlow (silicone), Pulp Canal Sealer (ZOE), AH Plus Jet (ER) | SEM | 24 hr | 24 hr | Pulp Canal Sealer (Willershausen et al. [83]) | |
| BioRootRCS | MTA Fillapex (CS), AH Plus (ER) | ADT | 24 hr | 24 hr | Bioroot RCS, AH Plus > MTA Fillapex (Arias-Moliz and Camilleri [78]) |
| CLSM | 24 hr | 7 days | BioRoot RCS > MTA Fillapex > AH Plus [78] | ||
| TotalFill BC (CS), AH Plus (ER) | CLSM | Fresh | 1, 7, 30 days | BioRoot RCS > TotalFill BC, AH Plus after 30 days (Alsubait et al. [80]) | |
| EasySeal, AH Plus (ER), SealapexTM (CH), TotalFill BC, MTA Fillapex (CS) | ADT | Fresh | 48 hr | EasySeal > AH Plus > BioRoot RCS, Sealapex, MTA Fillapex (Colombo et al. [32]) | |
| DCT | 7 day | 6, 15, 60 min | 6 min: TotalFill BC, Easyseal > Bioroot RCS > MTA Fillapex | ||
| 15, 60 min: BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC, EasySeal > MTA Fillapex, Sealapex > AH Plus (Colombo et al. [32]) | |||||
| Endoseal MTA | AH Plus (ER), Sealapex (CH), Tubli-Seal (ZOE), EndoSequence BC (CS) | DCT | Before and after setting | 24 hr | Endoseal MTA > Sealapex > TubliSeal > AH Plus > EndoSequence BC |
| All sealers had less effect after setting (Shin et al. [82]) |
ER, epoxy resin; MR, methacrylate resin; CH, calcium hydroxide; ZOE, zinc oxide-eugenol; DCT, direct contact test; ADT, agar diffusion test; CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; CS, calcium silicate.