Table 3.
Overview of Studies Included in the Systematic Review
| Participants (Completed) | Study Population | Intervention Diet | Control Diet | Study Duration, Weeks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wright et al8 | 65 (49) | Individuals with obesity or overweight and at least one of T2DM, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia | Low-fat plant-based diet | Conventional omnivorous diet | 24 |
| Mishra et al9 | 291 (211) | Individuals with BMI >25 kg/m2 and/or T2DM | Low-fat vegan diet | Conventional omnivorous diet | 18 |
| Kahleova et al24 | 75 (72) | Healthy individuals with BMI 28–40 kg/m2 and no history of T2DM | Low-fat vegan diet | Conventional omnivorous diet | 16 |
| Sofi et al25 | 118 (107) | Overweight omnivores with BMI >25 kg/m2 and low–moderate cardiovascular risk profile | Low-calorie lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet | Low-calorie Mediterranean diet | 12 (before crossover) |
| Li et al26 | 47 (34) | Overweight and obese individuals with BMI 27–37 kg/m2 | Lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet | Conventional omnivorous diet | 4 (before crossover) |
| Lee et al20 | 106 (93) | Individuals with T2DM | Vegan diet | Conventional diet recommended by the Korean Diabetes Association 2011 | 12 |
| Barnard et al21 | 45 (40) | Individuals with T2DM | Low-fat vegan diet | Portion-controlled omnivorous diet | 20 |
| Turner-McGrievy et al22 | 99 (88) | Individuals with T2DM | Low-fat, low-GI vegan diet | Individualized diet based on the 2003 American Diabetes Association–dietary recommendations | 22 |
| Shah et al23 | 100 (97) | Individuals with CAD | Vegan diet | American Heart Association–recommended diet | 8 |
Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAD, coronary artery disease.