Table 2. Association of Urinary BPA Levels With All-Cause Mortality and With Cause-Specific Mortality.
| Variable | Tertile of urinary BPA level, hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Median BPA level, ng/mL | 0.7 | 2.1 | 5.7 |
| All-cause mortality | |||
| Deaths per person-years | 133 per 11897 | 100 per 12268 | 111 per 12349 |
| Model 1a | 1 [Reference] | 1.06 (0.76-1.47) | 1.51 (1.07-2.13) |
| Model 2b | 1 [Reference] | 1.10 (0.78-1.55) | 1.49 (1.01-2.19) |
| CVD mortality | |||
| Deaths per person-years | 32 per 11897 | 18 per 12268 | 21 per 12349 |
| Model 1a | 1 [Reference] | 1.13 (0.54-2.37) | 1.68 (0.82-3.44) |
| Model 2b | 1 [Reference] | 1.10 (0.53-2.31) | 1.46 (0.67-3.15) |
| Cancer mortality | |||
| Deaths per person-years | 31 per 11897 | 22 per 12268 | 22 per 12249 |
| Model 1a | 1 [Reference] | 1.13 (0.45-2.81) | 1.05 (0.44-2.47) |
| Model 2b | 1 [Reference] | 1.12 (0.48-2.63) | 0.98 (0.40-2.39) |
Abbreviations: BPA, bisphenol A; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and urinary creatinine levels.
b
Model 1 plus adjusted for educational level, family income status, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, total energy intake, Healthy Eating Index 2010 score, and body mass index.