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. 2020 Aug 2;21(15):5538. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155538

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Development of the bio-nanocapsule-liposome (BNC-LP) complex. (A, B) Incorporation of (A) SP60015 and (B) pitavastatin into liposomes. Successful incorporation was determined by measuring drug autofluorescence, before and after liposomes were dissolved with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. (C) Schematic diagram illustrates the preparation of the drug-containing biotinylated BNC-LP complex. The liposome is an empty lipid micelle that can be filled with the desired drug. The bio-nanocapsule is a hollow sphere composed of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Biotin reacted with HBsAg, then the BNC was conjugated to the LP. (D) Diagram shows the configuration of a BNC-LP complex labeled with Cy3. The attached biotin recognizes the neutravidin on the targeted graft. (E, left) Bright field images show the woven polyester grafts used for the in vitro binding assay. (Middle) Fluorescence images show the binding of DyLight488-labeled neutravidin (green) to the biotinylated grafts. (Right) Fluorescence images show the binding of the biotinylated Cy3-labeled BNC-LP (red) to the neutravidin on the biotinylated grafts.