Table 2.
Psychological well-being by behavioral characteristics in a sample of 508 undergraduates of University of Palermo: univariable analysis.
| Characteristics § | Eudaimonia | Hedonia | Both | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | n (%) | OR (95%CI) §§ | p-Value | n (%) | OR (95%CI) §§ | p-Value | n (%) | OR (95%CI) §§ | p-Value | |
| in the last 5 years, did you change your weight? | 0.428 | 0.231 | 0.403 | |||||||
| no | 119 | 21 (17.65) | 1 | 15 (12.61) | 1 | 34 (28.57) | 1 | |||
| yes | 389 | 57 (14.65) | 0.80 (0.46–1.39) | 67 (17.22) | 1.44 (0.79–2.64) | 127 (32.65) | 1.21 (0.77–1.90) | |||
| in this month, are you on a diet? | 0.682 | 0.881 | 0.712 | |||||||
| no | 387 | 58 (14.99) | 1 | 63 (16.28) | 1 | 121 (31.27) | 1 | |||
| yes | 121 | 20 (16.53) | 1.12 (0.64–1.96) | 19 (15.70) | 0.96 (0.55–1.68) | 40 (33.06) | 1.09 (0.70–1.68) | |||
| adherence to Mediterranean diet 2 | <0.001 | 0.241 | 0.060 | |||||||
| no | 305 | 32 (10.49) | 1.00 | 54 (17.7) | 1 | 87 (28.52) | 1. | |||
| yes | 203 | 46 (22.66) | 2.50 (1.52–4.12) | 28 (13.79) | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) | 74 (36.45) | 1.44 (0.98–2.10) | |||
| weight status | ||||||||||
| normal | 262 | 51 (19.47) | 1.00 | 37 (14.12) | 1 | 87 (33.21) | 1 | |||
| overweight | 47 | 7 (14.89) | 0.72 (0.31–1.71) | 0.461 | 13 (27.66) | 2.33 (1.11–4.95) | 0.021 | 14 (29.79) | 0.85 (0.43–1.68) | 0.646 |
| obese | 50 | 7 (14.00) | 0.67 (0.29–1.59) | 0.363 | 5 (10.00) | 0.68 (0.25–1.82) | 0.435 | 18 (36.00) | 1.13 (0.60–2.13) | 0.702 |
| smoking status | ||||||||||
| non–smoker | 76 | 10 (13.16) | 1 | 10 (13.16) | 1 | 36 (47.37) | 1 | |||
| former smoker | 312 | 57 (18.27) | 1.48 (0.71–3.05) | 0.291 | 47 (15.06) | 1.17 (0.56–2.44) | 0.674 | 93 (29.81) | 0.47 (0.28–0.79) | 0.004 |
| current smoker | 120 | 11 (9.17) | 0.67 (0.27–1.66) | 0.380 | 25 (20.83) | 1.74 (0.78–3.88) | 0.173 | 32 (26.67) | 0.40 (0.22–0.75) | 0.003 |
| physical activity | 0.514 | 0.290 | 0.154 | |||||||
| no | 219 | 31 (14.16) | 1 | 31 (14.16) | 1 | 62 (28.31) | 1 | |||
| yes | 289 | 47 (16.26) | 1.18 (0.72–1.93) | 51 (17.65) | 1.30 (0.80–2.11) | 99 (34.26) | 1.32 (0.90–1.93) | |||
| drinking wine | ||||||||||
| never | 153 | 26 (16.99) | 1 | 20 (13.07) | 1 | 44 (28.76) | 1 | |||
| less than once a week | 278 | 40 (14.39) | 0.82 (0.48–1.41) | 0.473 | 45 (16.19) | 1.28 (0.73–2.27) | 0.388 | 91 (32.73) | 1.21 (0.78–1.86) | 0.395 |
| once a week or more | 67 | 11 (16.42) | 0.96 (0.44–2.08) | 0.917 | 15 (22.39) | 1.92 (0.91–4.06) | 0.083 | 23 (34.33) | 1.29 (0.70–2.40) | 0.410 |
| drinking beer | ||||||||||
| never | 26 (17.45) | 1 | 14 (9.40) | 1 | 43 (28.86) | 1 | ||||
| less than once a week | 149 | 45 (15.79) | 0.89 (0.52–1.51) | 0.657 | 52 (18.25) | 2.15 (1.14–4.05)) | 0.015 | 91 (31.93) | 1.16 (0.75–1.78) | 0.511 |
| once a week or more | 285 | 7 (11.29) | 0.60 (0.25–1.48) | 0.263 | 14 (22.58) | 2.81 (1.23–6.42) | 0.010 | 21 (33.87) | 1.26 (0.67–2.39) | 0.472 |
| drinking spirits | ||||||||||
| never | 193 | 34 (17.62) | 1 | 21 (10.88) | 1 | 50 (25.91) | 1 | |||
| less than once a week | 294 | 42 (14.29) | 0.78 (0.48–1.28) | 0.322 | 58 (19.73) | 2.01 (1.17–3.46) | 0.010 | 101 (34.35) | 1.50 (1.00–2.24) | 0.049 |
| once a week or more | 10 | 1 (10.00) | 0.52 (0.06–4.27) | 0.535 | 1 (10.00) | 0.91 (0.11–7.58) | 0.931 | 6 (60.00) | 4.29 (1.14–16.17) | 0.019 |
| binging | ||||||||||
| no | 255 | 51 (20.0) | 1 | 33 (12.94) | 1 | 71 (27.84) | 1 | |||
| yes | 253 | 27 (10.7) | 0.48 (0.29–0.79) | 0.004 | 49 (19.37) | 1.62 (1.00–2.62) | 0.049 | 90 (35.57) | 1.43 (0.98–2.09) | 0.061 |
§ Statistics were calculated on available data. Bold values are statistically significant; §§ OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence Interval.