Table 3.
Changes in health behaviors and loneliness one month into the COVID-19 outbreak among 315 adults with chronic medical conditions.
| Range | Before (Average, Std) |
During (Average, Std) |
T-Test | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease management 1 | 1–5 | 3.9 (1.0) | 3.6 (1.1) | 5.42 | <0.001 |
| Time spent on social media (hours/day) 2 | 1–7 | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.2) | 13.29 | <0.001 |
| Time spent on online health communities (hours/day) 2 | 1–7 | 2.0 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.9) | 3.76 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (times/week) 3 | 0–10 | 3.5 (2.4) | 2.8 (2.4) | 4.51 | <0.001 |
| Fruit consumption (units/day) | 0-10 | 2.7 (2.0) | 2.6 (2.0) | 1.89 | 0.060 |
| Vegetable consumption (units/day) | 0–10 | 3.2 (2.4) | 3.0 (2.3) | 2.66 | 0.008 |
| Loneliness (Total score) 4 | 3–9 | 4.3 (1.7) | 5.6 (2.0) | 12.76 | 0.001 |
| Food Consumption 5 | % (n) Much more than before | 19.7 (62) | |||
| % (n) A little more than before | 30.5 (96) | ||||
| % (n) Same as before | 40.0 (126) | ||||
| % (n) A little less than before | 7.0 (22) | ||||
| % (n) Much less than before | 2.9 (9) | ||||
1 “In my opinion, I manage my illness optimally” with answers ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). 2 Answers ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (more than 10 hours per day) 3 Half an hour or more of physical activity. 4 Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. 5 “Relative to the amount of food I consumed before the outbreak, I estimate that I currently consume” 1 (a lot more than before) to 5 (a lot less than before).