| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VEGFR | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| DR | Diabetic retinopathy |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha |
| MMP-2 | Matrix metalloproteinase-2 |
| qRT-PCR | Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction |
| AKT | Protein kinase b |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| EC | Endothelial cells |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| JNK | C-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| RPE | Retinal pigmented epithelium |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| CNV | Choroidal neovascularization |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
| DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
| PFA | Paraformaldehyde |
| HPF | High power field |
| PBS | Phosphate buffered saline |
| BCA | Bicinchoninic acid |
| SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
| SE | Standard error |