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. 2020 Jul 26;21(15):5295. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155295

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A model showing antibody-mediated pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Changes in brain conditions in AD and PD (for example, cell death, inflammation, and aggregation of abnormal proteins) promote the outflow of neo-antigens through lymphatic vessels, causing changes in antibody repertoires. Damage to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) generated in AD and PD induces infiltration by antibodies. Antibodies activate FcR expression by brain cells, thereby promoting pathogenesis of AD and PD in the brain. Aβ: beta-amyloid; α-syn: α-synuclein.