Table 3.
Summary of ventricular septal defects
| Fetal parameter | TCE concentration | Positive control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 ppm | 0.25 ppm | 1.5 ppm | 500 ppm | 1,000 ppm | RA 15 mg/kg/day | |
| Available fetuses (litters) | 308 (24) | 275 (22)a | 321 (24) | 330 (24) | 342 (24) | 269 (25) |
| Affected fetuses (litters) | 7 (5) | 4 (4) | 5 (3) | 13 (8) | 12 (6) | 112 (23) |
| Mean litter proportion (% per litter) | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 42.2** |
| No. fetuses (size of opening) | 6 (<1 mm) 1 (1‐2 mm) | All (<1 mm) | All (<1 mm) | All (<1 mm) | All (<1 mm) | 103 (<1 mm); 8 (1–2 mm); 1 (>2 mm) |
| Location of opening | Mem | Mem | Mem | Mem | Mem | Mem (111 fetuses) Mus/Mem (1 fetus) |
Abbreviations: Mem, membranous portion of ventricular septum; Mus/Mem, muscular and membranous portions of ventricular septum; RA retinoic acid; TCE, trichloroethylene.
a
One female had a very early total litter resorption and therefore had no available fetuses.
**Significantly different from vehicle control group at p ≤.01.