Table 3.

Stratified analysis for maternal daytime nap and sleep status during periconceptional period on risk of CHD in offspring

Poor sleep	Daytime nap	Simple CHD
		Before propensity score analysis					After propensity score analysis
		Cases	Controls	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)		Propensity‐score‐adjusted			Propensity‐score‐matched
					Modela	Modelb	Cases	Controls	OR (95% CI)	Cases	Controls	OR (95% CI)
No	Yes	99	137	1	1	1	99	137	1	72	100	1
	No	69	69	1.384 (0.907–2.111)	1.309 (0.830–2.064)	1.324 (0.836–2.097)	69	69	1.324 (0.848–2.068)	46	51	1.253 (0.759–2.067)
Yes	Yes	33	26	1.756 (0.988– 3.122)	2.139 (1.158–3.952) *	2.236 (1.200–4.165) *	33	26	2.121 (1.156–3.892) *	21	15	1.944 (0.938–4.029)
	No	61	30	2.814 (1.693–4.676) ***	3.049 (1.772–5.246) ***	3.183 (1.830–5.537) ***	61	30	2.968 (1.737–5.074) ***	48	21	3.175 (1.750–5.759) ***

Poor sleep	Daytime nap	Severe CHD
		Before propensity score analysis					After propensity score analysis
		Cases	Controls	Crude OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)		Propensity‐score‐adjusted			Propensity‐score‐matched
					Modela	Modelb	Cases	Controls	OR (95% CI)	Cases	Controls	OR (95% CI)
No	Yes	96	137	1	1	1	96	137	1	70	95	1
	No	83	69	1.717 (1.137–2.593) *	1.309 (0.839–2.041)	1.384 (0.893–2.144)	83	69	1.290 (0.830–2.004)	56	51	1.490 (0.914–2.430)
Yes	Yes	36	26	1.976 (1.120–3.487) *	2.213 (1.179–4.091) *	2.263 (1.232–4.154) **	36	26	2.140 (1.176–3.894) *	27	18	2.036 (1.040–3.985) *
	No	47	30	2.236 (1.320–3.787) **	2.110 (1.203–3.699) **	2.184 (1.250–3.616) **	47	30	2.086 (1.193–3.648) *	33	22	2.036 (1.093–3.790) *

CHD = congenital heart disease.

Model^a: adjusted for maternal ethic, maternal age at delivery, maternal education, marital status, residence, maternal prepregnancy obesity, multiple births, infant gender, and family history of CHD.

Model^b: based on model^a, further adjusted for prepegnancy diabetes/hypertension, folic acid use, and smoking/drinking.

^* p value <0.05

^** p value <0.01

^*** p value <0.001