Figure 4.

PDM4 protein location and gene expression pattern. (A) Localization of the PDM4 protein within the chloroplast using the GFP assay by protoplasts of complement line. Scale bars: 25 nm. (B) Immunolocalization of PDM4. Intact chloroplasts were isolated from the leaves of GFP-tagged complemented Arabidopsis, and then separated into envelop, stroma, and thylakoid membrane fractions. Antisera were used against GFP, the integral thylakoid membrane protein CP47, the integral inner envelop membrane protein Tic110, and abundant stroma protein RbcL. (C) Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analysis of the PDM4 gene in the root (Rt), stem (St), leaf (Le), flower (Fl), seedling (Se), and silique (Si). Values not connected by the same letters are significantly different (Student’s t test, p < 0.05). All the experiments were repeated three times independently.