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. 2020 Jul 31;21(15):5502. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155502

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Induction of DNA damage by coptisine in Hep3B cells. Hep3B cells were treated with 50 µM coptisine for 24 h. (A) The comet assay was performed, and representative images of comet assay were taken by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars, 50 µm; (B) Statistical analysis of tail length. *** p < 0.001 vs. control; (C) DNA break of apoptotic cells was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and images were obtained by fluorescence microscopy. Green staining (left) indicates apoptotic cells, and propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to visualize nuclei (middle). Scale bars, 20 µm; (D) The expression of phospho-H2A histone family member X (p-γH2AX) was investigated with immunofluorescence. Green staining (left) indicates p-γH2AX-positive cells and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was used to visualize nuclei (middle). Merged image indicates the localization of p-γH2AX-positive cells in nuclei (right). Scale bars, 30 µm.