Table 2. Mean Difference in Outcomes for Total Study Population and Subgroup of Participants With mMRC Grades 3 to 4.
| Variable | Morphine vs placebo | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total study population (n = 111) | Subgroup with mMRC grades 3-4 (n = 49) | |||
| Mean difference (95% CI) | P value | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value | |
| Primary outcomes | ||||
| CAT score | −2.18 (−4.14 to −0.22) | .03 | −1.17 (−4.17 to 1.84) | .44 |
| Paco2, mm Hg | 1.19 (−2.70 to 5.07) | .55 | 1.84 (−4.95 to 8.64) | .59 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Pao2, mm Hg | −3.79 (−9.70 to 2.12) | .21 | −5.92 (−15.73 to 3.90) | .23 |
| Sao2, % | −1.09 (−2.93 to 0.75) | .24 | −1.72 (−5.02 to 1.58) | .30 |
| Respiratory rate | −1.46 (−2.84 to −0.09) | .04 | −0.73 (−2.79 to 1.34) | .49 |
| PtcCO2, mm Hg | 1.39 (−0.65 to 3.42) | .18 | 1.02 (−1.78 to 3.82) | .47 |
| SpO2, % | −0.33 (−0.95 to 0.29) | .29 | −0.09 (−1.09 to 0.91) | .86 |
| % Time overnight SpO2 below 90% | −0.04 (−19.61 to 19.52)a | >.99 | 10.84 (−19.64 to 41.32)b | .48 |
| Overnight SpO2, % | 0.16 (−1.48 to 1.81)a | .84 | −0.03 (−2.90 to 2.85)b | .99 |
| FEV1, L | −0.02 (−0.29 to 0.26) | .91 | 0.04 (−0.34 to 0.42) | .83 |
| FEV1, % predicted | −0.27 (−9.92 to 9.38) | .96 | 2.57 (−12.07 to 17.22) | .73 |
| FVC, L | −0.15 (−0.68 to 0.38) | .57 | −0.17 (−0.96 to 0.63) | .68 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.02 (−0.05 to 0.08) | .60 | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) | .42 |
| IC/TLC | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.07)c | .58 | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.11)d | .56 |
| IC, L | −0.03 (−0.49 to 0.42)e | .88 | −0.07 (−0.74 to 0.61)b | .85 |
| ITGV, L | −0.42 (−1.27 to 0.44)e | .34 | −0.65 (−2.17 to 0.88)b | .40 |
| Functional exercise performance (6MWT) | −5.07 (−61.38 to 51.20)b | .86 | 1.49 (−87.47 to 90.46)b | .97 |
| General mobility (TUG) | −0.04 (−0.54 to 0.47)d | .89 | 0.00 (−0.87 to 0.87)b | .99 |
| Care dependency (CDS) | −0.33 (−3.34 to 2.69) | .83 | −1.56 (−6.65 to 3.52) | .54 |
| Breathlessness previous 24 h (NRS) | ||||
| Mean | −0.60 (−1.55 to 0.35) | .21 | −1.31 (−2.80 to 0.17) | .08 |
| Worst | −0.56 (−1.41 to 0.28) | .19 | −1.33 (−2.50 to −0.16) | .03 |
Abbreviations: CAT, COPD Assessment Test; CDS, Care Dependence Scale; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; IC, inspiratory capacity; IC/TLC, inspiratory capacity to total lung capacity ratio; ITGV, intrathoracic gas volume; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; 6MWT, 6-minute walk test; NRS, numeric rating scale; Paco2, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Pao2, partial arterial pressure of oxygen; PtcCO2, transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure; Sao2, arterial oxygen saturation; SpO2, pulse oxygen saturation; TUG, Timed Up and Go Test.
Test not performed in 3 participants.
Test not performed in 1 participant.
Test not performed in 5 participants.
Test not performed in 2 participants.
Test not performed in 4 participants.