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The relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory proteins after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection normalized to GAPDH (fold changes vs. saline). (a,b) TNF-α mRNA (a) early phase (EP), 1.5 and 6 h, (b) late phase (LP), 24 and 48 h, (c,d) IL-6 mRNA (c) EP, 1.5 and 6 h, (d) LP, 24 and 48 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; one-way ANOVA; ***: p < 0.001.
