Table 4.

Ongoing clinical trials associated with aging and age-related conditions which use miRNAs as a target or a marker.

Clinical Trials Identifier	Declared Study Description	Participants	Outcome Measures
NCT02953093 Study of Changes in Muscle and Fat Gene Transcription with Acarbose Treatment	The investigators are studying the effects of acarbose on muscle and adipose gene transcription in older adults—phase 2 of the clinical trial.	Males, 60–100 years old	Serum microRNA (time frame: 10 weeks): The difference in the miRNA expression level (with adjusted p <0.05) after 10 weeks of acarbose compared to 10 weeks of placebo.
NCT04113122 Senescence and the Early Ageing Phenotype After Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer: the SEA-CAT Study	Cisplatin-combination chemotherapy causes DNA damage inevitably by platinum-DNA adduct formation of both tumor cells but also healthy cells. The investigators hypothesize that the increased burden of senescent cells during testicular cancer treatment induces SASP, resulting in a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Such a mechanism might trigger the development of late effects and an early aging phenotype after treatment for testicular cancer.	Males, 18–50 years old	Cellular senescence (time frame: 1 year): The change in the number of senescent cells in the skin and subcutaneous fat biopsy (defined as % of cells in which the nucleus is stained positive for P16, P21, and yH2Ax). Evaluation of the microRNA regulation of insulin signaling in adipose tissue: miR-103, miR-107, miR-29.
NCT01666340 Generation 100: How Exercise Affects Mortality and Morbidity in the Elderly: A Randomized Control Study	The investigators hypothesize that exercise will reduce the morbidity and mortality rates in an elderly population. The extent of reduction will be intensity-dependent.	Males and females, 70–76 years old	Epigenetics (time frame: 1 year follow up, 3 years follow up, 5 years follow up): assessment of transcriptomics (messenger RNAs and microRNAs) and proteomics arrays aimed at blood-borne factors induced by training.
CT03300388 Dysfunction of Adipose Tissue in Obesity, Inflammation and Aging: Mechanisms and Effects of Physical Exercise and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.	Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obesity, inflammation, and aging; mechanisms and effects of physical exercise and omega-3 fatty acids.	Post-menopausal women, 55–70 years old	Adipose tissue miRNA profiling (time frame: week 0 (baseline), week 16 (end of intervention)): Analysis of microRNA expression from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies by RNA-seq or GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array (Affymetrix).
NCT03963050 Molecular and Functional Basis of Successful Aging and Frailty	This trial will aim to find evidence based on the behaviors and strategies that promote a healthy lifestyle and successful human aging during an investigation of frailty phenotypes (PF: physical or CF: cognitive).	Males and females, 80–90 years old	Expression of potential biomarkers (circulating microRNAs) (time frame: 3 years): assessment of the miRNA expression and involvement in skeletal muscle adaptation and repair.
NCT03052192 Biological Aging, Medication, Malnutrition and Inflammation Among Acutely Ill and Healthy Elderly.	The investigators will test a novel model for chronic inflammation and investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells), and miRNAs in biological aging and chronic inflammation in critical patients in intensive care departments to improve the current knowledge and possibilities for preventing chronic diseases and acute hospitalization.	Males and females, 20–110 years old	miRNA (time frame: from inclusion to 56 weeks after discharge): the levels of miRNA will be measured, and their association with NF-kB activity and biological aging will be investigated.
NCT04146818 Study of the Effects of Adapted Tango and Multidimensional Intervention in Prevention of Dementia in Aging: Developing Healthy Life Style Programs. (STRENGTH)	The STRENGTH project is a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of 6 months of the multimodal intervention consisting of adapted Tango dancing together with music therapy, engagement in social activities, cognitive interference, and psycho-education on functional, biological, cognitive outcomes, and psycho-social aspects in 300 subjects with mild cognitive impairment.	Males and females, 60 years old and older	Change in genetic biomarkers (time frame: baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months): assessment of the cellular (leukocytes) microRNA of genes involved in the neurodegeneration process
NCT04005742 The Biomarkers Of Risk of Colorectal Cancer (BORICC) Follow-Up (BFU) Study	This longitudinal study concentrated on associations between aging and lifestyle factors and a panel of molecular biomarkers linked with colorectal cancer risk, which is the 3rd most common cancer worldwide.	Both sex (child, adult, older adult)	DNA methylation (% methylation) and microRNA expression in rectal mucosal biopsies (time frame: 12 years (on average): target gene and global methylation (LINE-1) in rectal mucosal biopsies