Table 2.
Iterations of the Tool for Observing Play Outdoors (TOPO).
| TOPO Version 1 | TOPO Version 2 | TOPO Version 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Locomotor play | Gross motor | Locomotor play | Gross motor | Physical play | Gross motor |
| Fine motor | Fine motor | Fine motor | |||
| Vestibular | Vestibular | Vestibular | |||
| Rough & Tumble | Rough & Tumble | Rough & Tumble | |||
| Transition | |||||
| Exploratory play | Passive | Exploratory play | Passive | Exploratory play | Passive |
| Active | Active | Active | |||
| Construction | Construction | Construction | |||
| Artistic | |||||
| Imaginative play | Solo | Imaginative play | Symbolic | Imaginative play | Symbolic |
| Group | Socio-dramatic | Socio-dramatic | |||
| Fantasy | Fantasy | ||||
| Play with Rules | Formal | Play with Rules | Formal | Play with Rules | Conventional |
| Informal | Informal | Organic | |||
| Communication play | Peer-Social | Communication play * | Performance | Expressive play | Performance |
| Adult-Social | Social conversation | Artistic | |||
| Play | Language | ||||
| Environment | Conversation | ||||
| Cowabunga | |||||
| Instructive/Lesson | |||||
| Self-talk | |||||
| Care | |||||
| Performance play | [no defined subtypes] | Digital play | [no defined subtypes] | Digital play | Device |
| Augmented | |||||
| Embedded | |||||
| Stewardship | [no defined subtypes] | Bio play | Plants | ||
| Wildlife | |||||
| Care | |||||
| Restorative play | Resting/Sitting | Restorative play | Resting | Restorative play | Resting |
| Retreat | Retreat | Retreat | |||
| Reading/writing | Reading | Reading | |||
| Eating/Drinking | Eating | Onlooking | |||
| Non-play | Self-care | Non-play | Self-care | Non-play | Self-care |
| Distress | Distress | Nutrition | |||
| Transition | Transition | Distress | |||
| Other | Other | Aggression | |||
| Transition | |||||
| Other | |||||
* Most Communications subtypes were moved to the separate Play Communication Typology (See Appendix A).