Table 2.
Bias-corrected bootstrap tests on the direct and indirect effects.
| Paths | Standardized(β) | 95% Confidence Interval | Hypotheses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | |||
| T1 Autonomy → T3 PMPU | 0.277 | 0.112 | 0.443 | Supporting H1 |
| T1 Autonomy → T2 Boredom → T3 PMPU | 0.069 | 0.007 | 0.013 | Supporting H2 |
| T1 Autonomy → T2 Gaming → T3 PMPU | −0.001 | −0.024 | 0.022 | Rejecting H3 |
| T1 Autonomy → T2 Boredom → T2 Gaming → T3 PMPU | 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.025 | Supporting H4 |
Note. T1 Autonomy = Autonomy need dissatisfaction in Time 1; T3 PMPU = Problematic mobile phone use in Time 3; T2 Boredom = Boredom proneness in Time 2; T2 Gaming = Mobile phone gaming in Time 2.