Table 4.
Multivariable logistic modeling of associations of characteristics of cancer patients † with willingness ‡ to participate in an exercise program.
| All (No.) | Willing to Participate (No.) | Minimally-Adjusted Model § | Fully-Adjusted Model ¶ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR †† | 95% CI†† | p-Value †† | OR †† | 95% CI†† | p-Value †† | ||||
| Age | ≤65 y (reference) | 239 | 115 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≥65y | 149 | 63 | 0.84 | 0.55; 1.28 | 0.424 | 0.63 | 0.34; 1.15 | 0.085 | |
| Sex | Women (reference) | 238 | 121 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Men | 154 | 58 | 0.61 | 0.40; 0.93 | 0.021 | 0.55 | 0.32; 0.94 | 0.029 | |
| Education | Up to age 14 years (reference) | 151 | 58 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Beyond age 14 years | 241 | 121 | 1.60 | 1.04; 2.46 | 0.031 | 1.87 | 1.15; 3.04 | 0.011 | |
| Residence | Outside city (Reference) | 148 | 74 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| In Verona | 244 | 105 | 0.70 | 0.46; 1.07 | 0.100 | 0.61 | 0.38; 0.99 | 0.045 | |
| Perceived income adequacy | Inadequate (reference) | 148 | 68 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Adequate | 244 | 111 | 1.06 | 0.69; 1.61 | 0.764 | 0.94 | 0.58; 1.51 | 0.785 | |
| Marital status | Married (reference) | 269 | 122 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Single | 51 | 22 | 0.77 | 0.41; 1.44 | 0.366 | 0.64 | 0.31; 1.31 | 0.213 | |
| Divorced | 35 | 16 | 0.92 | 0.45; 1.89 | 0.94 | 0.43; 2.01 | |||
| Widowed | 34 | 19 | 1.88 | 0.85; 4.16 | 2.51 | 1.04; 6.04 | |||
| Occupational status | Retired (reference) | 161 | 74 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Homemaker | 43 | 19 | 0.66 | 0.31; 1.33 | 0.354 | 0.73 | 0.33; 1.61 | 0.203 | |
| Part-time employed | 45 | 22 | 0.83 | 0.37; 1.62 | 0.67 | 0.30; 1.50 | |||
| Full-time employed | 123 | 57 | 0.83 | 0.46; 1.43 | 0.68 | 0.36; 1.29 | |||
| Other | 20 | 7 | 0.52 | 0.17; 1.33 | 0.58 | 0.18; 1.90 | |||
| Frequency of sweat-inducing activity | <1 time/week (reference) | 204 | 84 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 1–2 times/week | 121 | 61 | 1.46 | 0.92; 2.32 | 0.037 | 1.50 | 0.91; 2.25 | 0.035 | |
| >2 times/week | 60 | 33 | 1.79 | 1.00; 3.23 | 1.92 | 1.92; 3.63 | |||
| Tumor site §§,¶¶ | Breast (reference) | 101 | 55 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Lung | 22 | 9 | 0.60 | 0.24; 1.58 | 0.251 | 0.52 | 0.16; 1.68 | 0.423 | |
| Colorectal | 39 | 12 | 0.39 | 0.18; 0.86 | 0.46 | 0.18; 1.16 | |||
| Upper gastro-intestine | 166 | 77 | 0.73 | 0.44; 1.20 | 0.62 | 0.31; 1.24 | |||
| Urogenital system | 19 | 10 | 1.00 | 0.37; 2.75 | 1.02 | 0.28; 3.67 | |||
| Melanoma | 14 | 3 | 0.23 | 0.06; 0.88 | 0.13 | 0.03; 0.64 | |||
| Other sites6 | 31 | 13 | 0.66 | 0.29; 1.51 | 0.52 | 0.20; 1.40 | |||
| Disease status | Remission (reference) | 62 | 35 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Early | 86 | 41 | 0.70 | 0.36; 1.36 | 0.145 | 0.61 | 0.27; 1.37 | 0.595 | |
| Advanced | 85 | 32 | 0.48 | 0.25; 0.95 | 0.65 | 0.29; 1.44 | |||
| Metastatic | 106 | 50 | 0.71 | 0.37; 1.44 | 0.72 | 0.30; 1.73 | |||
| Unknown | 53 | 21 | 0.51 | 0.24; 1.08 | 0.83 | 0.33; 2.06 | |||
| Chemotherapy | No (reference) | 55 | 31 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 329 | 144 | 0.51 | 0.28; 0.92 | 0.026 | 0.45 | 0.23; 0.86 | 0.016 | |
| Surgery | No (reference) | 169 | 80 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 215 | 95 | 0.91 | 0.60; 1.37 | 0.644 | 1.07 | 0.67; 1.71 | 0.787 | |
| Radiotherapy | No (reference) | 271 | 125 | ||||||
| Yes | 113 | 50 | 0.90 | 0.57; 1.41 | 0.650 | 0.97 | 0.58; 1.61 | 0.900 | |
| Hormone therapy | No (reference) | 334 | 147 | ||||||
| Yes | 50 | 28 | 1.45 | 0.78; 2.71 | 0.239 | 1.66 | 0.83; 3.32 | 0.152 | |
| Other treatments | No (reference) | 365 | 163 | ||||||
| Yes | 27 | 16 | 2.10 | 0.92; 4.82 | 0.077 | 1.89 | 0.81; 4.39 | 0.142 | |
| Treatment status | Completed (reference) | 36 | 18 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| About to start | 11 | 6 | 1.46 | 0.36; 5.84 | 0.695 | 1.80 | 0.31; 10.5 | 0.781 | |
| Ongoing | 325 | 144 | 0.79 | 0.37; 1.60 | 0.75 | 0.33; 1.71 | |||
| Unknown | 21 | 11 | 1.27 | 0.42; 3.83 | 1.72 | 0.45; 6.48 | |||
| Time from diagnosis | ≤30 months (reference) | 178 | 86 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| >30 months | 214 | 93 | 0.79 | 0.53; 1.19 | 0.265 | 0.68 | 0.42; 1.13 | 0.126 | |
† Participants of STIP-ON study conducted in Verona, Italy, from July 2018 to April 2019 ‡ Willingness classified as yes vs. no/maybe. § Age- and sex-adjusted models, unless otherwise specified. ¶ Each variable adjusted for the following, unless otherwise specified: Sex (man vs. woman); Age (<65 y vs. ≥65 y); Education (more than 14 years of age vs. up to 14 years); Residence (outside city vs. win city of Verona); Perceived income adequacy (adequate vs. inadequate); Marital status (married, single, divorced, widowed); Occupational status (retired, homemaker, part-time employed, full-time employed, other); Frequency of sweat-inducing activity (<1 time/week, 1–2 times/week, >2 times/week); Tumor site (breast, lung, colorectum, upper gastro-intestine, urogenital system, melanoma, other); Disease status (in remission, early, advanced, metastatic, unknown); Chemotherapy (yes vs. no); Surgery (yes vs. no); Radiotherapy (yes vs. no); Hormone therapy (yes vs. no); Other treatments (yes vs. no); Treatment status (Completed, About to start, Ongoing, Unknown); Time from diagnosis (≤30 months, >30 months); “Lack of preference” variable (score 0 for no no-preference reply, score 1 for 1 no-preference reply, score 2 for 2 or more no-preference replies given to exercise preference questions); “Independence” variable (score 0 if “on my own” never chosen in exercise preference questions, score1 otherwise. †† OR (odds ratios), CI (confidence intervals), and p-values from multivariable logistic regression model. §§ Tumor sites with less than 10 patients are classified as “other site.” ¶¶ Models investigating tumor site (both minimally and fully adjusted models) were not adjusted for sex.