Figure 3.

TMARg promotes late osteoblast differentiation. (A–D) Pre-osteoblasts were seeded onto 24-well plates and were cultured in OS with TMARg (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 30 µM). Mineralized nodule formation was assessed by using ARS staining at 7 (A) and 14 days (B). The levels of ARS staining were observed using a scanner (upper) and a colorimetric detector (bottom) (A,B). Mineralization nodules were observed by using a light microscope (C). Stains were eluted with DMSO to quantify the intensity of ARS staining, and this quantification was performed by using the Multiskan GO Microplate Spectrophotometer. The data are represented as relative fold-increases of the control (C). The data are representative of the results of three independent experiments. Scale bar: 100 µm. Data represent the means ± SEMs of experiments. *, p < 0.05 was considered significantly different, compared to the control. #, p < 0.05 was considered significantly different, compared to the OS.