Figure 4.

TMARg enhances intracellular BMP2 signaling and β-catenin in osteoblast differentiation. (A–D) Mesenchymal cells (A,C) and pre-osteoblasts (B,D) were cultured in OS with TMARg (10 and 30 µM) for 24 h. BMP2, phospho-Smad1/5/8, RUNX2, and β-actin (A,B), and Wnt3a, phospho-GSK3 β, GSK3 β, β-catenin, and β-actin (C,D) were assessed by using Western blot analysis. β-actin was detected on the same sample to normalize the values obtained for the lysates. The data are representative of the results of three independent experiments.