Table 2.
Comparison of physical activity, food consumption, sleep, and quality of life between men and women.
| Total (N = 2289) |
Male (N = 1176) |
Female (N = 1113) |
t-Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p-Value | |
| SB (hours/day) | ||||
| Sitting | 7.4 ± 3.4 | 7.5 ± 3.3 | 7.3 ± 3.4 | 0.135 |
| Lying down | 9.2 ± 3.7 | 9.3 ± 4.2 | 9.1 ± 3.0 | 0.245 |
| Exercise (Kcal/day) | 287.8 ± 551.2 | 299.8 ± 607.6 | 275.1 ± 484.6 | 0.284 |
| Daily activity (Kcal/day) | 116.2 ± 150.8 | 110.4 ± 151.4 | 122.4 ± 149.9 | 0.057 |
| Diets (g/day) | ||||
| Whole grain | 246.1 ± 244.5 | 284.4 ± 282.9 | 205.5 ± 187.5 | <0.001 |
| Meat products | 104.9 ± 115.9 | 120.8 ± 133.1 | 88.1 ± 91.6 | <0.001 |
| Vegetables and Fruits | 131.6 ± 93.5 | 126.4 ± 94.8 | 137.1 ± 91.9 | 0.227 |
| PSQI | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 3.6 ± 2.4 | 4.0 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Sleep quality | 0.96 ± 0.6 | 0.94 ± 0.6 | 0.98 ± 0.6 | 0.096 |
| Sleep latency | 1.05 ± 0.9 | 0.98 ± 0.9 | 1.13 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration | 0.32 ± 0.6 | 0.32 ± 0.6 | 0.31 ± 0.6 | 0.866 |
| Habitual sleep efficiency | 0.48 ± 0.9 | 0.41 ± 0.8 | 0.56 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Use of sleep medications | 0.07 ± 0.4 | 0.08 ± 0.4 | 0.07 ± 0.3 | 0.341 |
| Daytime impairments | 0.93 ± 0.9 | 0.88 ± 0.9 | 0.99 ± 0.9 | 0.002 |
| QoL (score) | ||||
| Overall perception of QoL | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 0.483 |
| Satisfaction with health | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 0.067 |
| Physical | 54.6 ± 13.2 | 54.7 ± 13.7 | 54.5 ± 12.7 | 0.736 |
| Psychological | 57.2 ± 13.9 | 56.9 ± 14.2 | 57.5 ± 13.6 | 0.315 |
| Social relationships | 69.8 ± 19.5 | 70.2 ± 20.6 | 69.4 ± 18.3 | 0.315 |
| Environmental | 69.8 ± 16.7 | 70.5 ± 17.0 | 69.1 ± 16.4 | 0.038 |
| QoL (summed global score) | 188.9 ± 40.4 | 189.2 ± 42.2 | 188.6 ± 38.4 | 0.749 |
Notes: Daily activity includes light activity (e.g., lifting light objects, cleaning, and scrubbing windows), vigorous daily activity (e.g., lifting heavy objects, dragging floors, and holding or carrying children). Whole grains include rice, steamed buns, steamed stuffed buns, noodles, and coarse grains. Meat products include pork, beef, fish, poultry, and eggs. Vegetables include leafy vegetables, wax gourds, tomatoes, and eggplant. Fruits include oranges, bananas, apples, cherries, strawberries, mangoes, peaches, pitayas, and pears. Abbreviations: SB = sedentary behavior; IPAQ = International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form; MET = metabolic equivalent; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; QoL = quality of life.