Table 4.

Direct and indirect associations between physical activity levels, sedentary behavior (SB), diet, sleep quality, and the quality of life (QoL).

Path	Group	β	SE	p-Value	CI.L	CI.U
PA→QoL	Women	0.013	0.003	0.000 ***	0.006	0.020
Diet_wholegrain→QoL		−0.002	0.004	0.630	−0.009	0.006
Diet_meat→QoL		0.006	0.004	0.164	−0.002	0.013
Diet_VegeFru→QoL		0.000	0.004	0.947	−0.007	0.007
SB→QoL		−0.002	0.004	0.575	−0.009	0.005
Age→QoL		0.014	0.004	0.001 **	0.006	0.022
BMI→QoL		−0.006	0.004	0.085	−0.013	0.001
PA→Sleep		0.046	0.013	0.000 ***	0.021	0.071
Diet_wholegrain→Sleep		−0.025	0.017	0.153	−0.059	0.009
Diet_meat→Sleep		0.005	0.018	0.804	−0.031	0.040
Diet_VegeFru→Sleep		0.003	0.017	0.856	−0.030	0.036
SB→Sleep		0.002	0.016	0.926	−0.030	0.033
Age→Sleep		0.013	0.016	0.413	−0.019	0.045
BMI→Sleep		0.023	0.016	0.143	−0.008	0.055
Sleep→QoL		0.203	0.034	0.000 ***	0.136	0.269
PA→QoL	Men	0.014	0.005	0.003 **	0.005	0.024
Diet_wholegrain→QoL		−0.003	0.003	0.212	−0.009	0.002
Diet_meat→QoL		0.002	0.003	0.496	−0.004	0.008
Diet_VegeFru→QoL		0.002	0.003	0.539	−0.004	0.007
SB→QoL		0.001	0.002	0.570	−0.003	0.006
Age→QoL		0.016	0.004	0.000 ***	0.007	0.024
BMI→QoL		0.001	0.002	0.740	−0.004	0.006
PA→Sleep		0.073	0.024	0.003 **	0.025	0.121
Diet_wholegrain→Sleep		0.030	0.018	0.099	−0.006	0.066
Diet_meat→Sleep		−0.038	0.020	0.056	−0.077	0.001
Diet_VegeFru→Sleep		0.009	0.018	0.631	−0.027	0.044
SB→Sleep		−0.033	0.016	0.035 *	−0.064	−0.002
Age→Sleep		−0.018	0.017	0.265	−0.051	0.014
BMI→Sleep		0.016	0.017	0.363	−0.018	0.049
Sleep→QoL		0.128	0.031	0.000 ***	0.068	0.188
PA→Sleep→QoL	Mediation	0.009	0.003	0.002 **	0.003	0.015
Diet_wholegrain→Sleep→QoL		−0.005	0.004	0.163	−0.012	0.002
Diet_meat→Sleep→QoL		0.001	0.004	0.805	−0.006	0.008
Diet_VegeFru→Sleep→QoL		0.001	0.003	0.856	−0.006	0.007
SB→Sleep→QoL		0.000	0.003	0.926	−0.006	0.007
Age→Sleep→QoL		0.003	0.003	0.417	−0.004	0.009
BMI→Sleep→QoL		0.005	0.003	0.154	−0.002	0.011
Total effects		0.028	0.010	0.003	0.010	0.047

Abbreviations: PA = physical activity; QoL = quality of life; SB = sedentary behavior. β: Path coefficients; SE: Standard Error; CI.L: Lower limit of 95% Confidence interval; CI.U: Upper limit of 95% Confidence interval; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. “x→y”: path analysis examining the relationships between y (dependent variable) and x (independent variable).