Extracellular proteins are differentially enriched in EVs and EV-free seminal plasma. (a) Cluster heatmap of the 2178 seminal plasma proteins identified in this study. (b) Venn diagram of the common and distinct proteins in F1–F3, as determined by the spectral count (SpC) method. (c) Venn diagram showing the common and distinct proteins significantly enriched in one fraction, as compared to the other two fractions. Significance of the differential enrichment was determined by two-way ANOVA using the area under the curve (AUC), as determined by the label-free quantification (LFQ) method, which was normalized prior to SpC. (d) Heatmap of the differentially enriched protein in each fraction. (e) Nonredundant Gene Ontology (GO) terms of the differentially enriched proteins in each fraction, as determined by WebGestalt analysis. (f,g) AUC of 7 previously identified (f) and novel cell-free (g) transcription factors, as quantified in each of the three fractions. Error bars represent the SEM of three biological samples. TF: transcription factors.