Table 1.
Occurrences of parameters indicative of sickness behaviour in piglets of different treatment groups after LPS application.
| Treatment Group | p-Value (F-Test) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | DA | DG | C | Treatment | Time | Sex | Treatment × Time × Sex | Treatment × Time |
| Somnolence (counts) | <0.05 | <0.001 | 0.563 | 0.871 | 0.804 | |||
| 1 h | 5.45 ± 0.40 | 5.20 ± 0.40 | 4.70 ± 0.40 | |||||
| 2 h | 8.55 ± 0.40 | 8.85 ± 0.40 b | 7.25 ± 0.40 a | |||||
| 3 h | 10.85 ± 0.40 | 10.60 ± 0.40 | 10.45 ± 0.40 | |||||
| 4 h | 9.75 ± 0.40 | 9.95 ± 0.40 | 9.45 ± 0.40 | |||||
| 5 h | 11.25 ± 0.40 | 11.15 ± 0.40 | 10.75 ± 0.40 | |||||
| 6 h | 11.30 ± 0.40 | 10.80 ± 0.40 | 10.85 ± 0.40 | |||||
| Panting (counts) | <0.05 | <0.001 | 0.242 | 0.635 | 0.060 | |||
| 1 h | 1.05 ± 0.66 | 1.05 ± 0.66 | 0.25 ± 0.66 | |||||
| 2 h | 5.95 ± 0.66 b | 5.15 ± 0.66 b | 2.70 ± 0.66 a | |||||
| 3 h | 7.70 ± 0.66 b | 7.55 ± 0.66 b | 4.95 ± 0.66 a | |||||
| 4 h | 3.00 ± 0.66 | 4.60 ± 0.66 | 2.85 ± 0.66 | |||||
| 5 h | 1.05 ± 0.66 | 2.05 ± 0.66 | 1.15 ± 0.66 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.25 ± 0.66 | 1.75 ± 0.66 | 0.05 ± 0.66 | |||||
| Circulatory problems (counts) | 0.393 | <0.001 | 0.729 | 0.988 | 0.922 | |||
| 1 h | 2.30 ± 0.61 | 2.05 ± 0.61 | 1.25 ± 0.61 | |||||
| 2 h | 7.95 ± 0.61 | 8.55 ± 0.61 | 7.10 ± 0.61 | |||||
| 3 h | 6.85 ± 0.61 | 7.50 ± 0.61 | 7.30 ± 0.61 | |||||
| 4 h | 2.80 ± 0.61 | 4.00 ± 0.61 | 3.60 ± 0.61 | |||||
| 5 h | 0.00 ± 0.61 | 0.65 ± 0.61 | 0.35 ± 0.61 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.00 ± 0.61 | 0.35 ± 0.61 | 0.00 ± 0.61 | |||||
| Shivering (counts) | 0.174 | <0.001 | 0.846 | 0.933 | 0.099 | |||
| 1 h | 2.65 ± 0.51 | 1.75 ± 0.51 | 1.10 ± 0.51 | |||||
| 2 h | 5.10 ± 0.51 | 4.10 ± 0.51 | 3.65 ± 0.51 | |||||
| 3 h | 4.20 ± 0.51 | 2.75 ± 0.51 | 3.70 ± 0.51 | |||||
| 4 h | 1.15 ± 0.51 | 1.30 ± 0.51 | 2.80 ± 0.51 | |||||
| 5 h | 0.75 ± 0.51 | 0.30 ± 0.51 | 1.05 ± 0.51 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.05 ± 0.51 | 0.00 ± 0.51 | 0.25 ± 0.51 | |||||
| Salivating (counts) | 0.961 | <0.001 | 0.250 | 0.959 | 0.991 | |||
| 1 h | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 0.35 ± 0.13 | 0.25 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 2 h | 0.65 ± 0.13 | 0.55 ± 0.13 | 0.65 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 3 h | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.25 ± 0.13 | 0.20 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 4 h | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 5 h | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | |||||
| Empty chewing (counts) | 0.616 | <0.001 | 0.936 | 0.293 | 0.924 | |||
| 1 h | 0.30 ± 0.13 | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.40 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 2 h | 0.50 ± 0.13 | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 3 h | 0.20 ± 0.13 | 0.35 ± 0.13 | 0.45 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 4 h | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 5 h | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.05 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | |||||
| Vomiting (counts) | 0.453 | <0.001 | 0.920 | <0.05 | 0.947 | |||
| 1 h | 0.50 ± 0.22 | 0.70 ± 0.22 | 0.55 ± 0.22 | |||||
| 2 h | 1.20 ± 0.22 | 1.45 ± 0.22 | 1.25 ± 0.22 | |||||
| 3 h | 0.60 ± 0.22 | 1.05 ± 0.22 | 1.00 ± 0.22 | |||||
| 4 h | 0.35 ± 0.22 | 0.20 ± 0.22 | 0.05 ± 0.22 | |||||
| 5 h | 0.05 ± 0.22 | 0.25 ± 0.22 | 0.00 ± 0.22 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.00 ± 0.22 | 0.00 ± 0.22 | 0.00 ± 0.22 | |||||
| Diarrhoea (counts) | 0.591 | <0.05 | 0.408 | 0.723 | 0.848 | |||
| 1 h | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | |||||
| 2 h | 0.25 ± 0.09 | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.10 ± 0.09 | |||||
| 3 h | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.35 ± 0.09 | 0.20 ± 0.09 | |||||
| 4 h | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | |||||
| 5 h | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.05 ± 0.09 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | |||||
| Activity (counts) | 0.128 | <0.001 | 0.230 | 0.690 | 0.765 | |||
| 1 h | 2.15 ± 0.33 a | 3.15 ± 0.33 | 3.50 ± 0.33 b | |||||
| 2 h | 0.05 ± 0.33 | 0.20 ± 0.33 | 0.40 ± 0.33 | |||||
| 3 h | 0.10 ± 0.33 | 0.05 ± 0.33 | 0.20 ± 0.33 | |||||
| 4 h | 0.10 ± 0.33 | 0.20 ± 0.33 | 0.25 ± 0.33 | |||||
| 5 h | 0.65 ± 0.33 | 0.60 ± 0.33 | 1.05 ± 0.33 | |||||
| 6 h | 0.60 ± 0.33 | 0.45 ± 0.33 | 1.00 ± 0.33 | |||||
| Inactivity (counts) | 0.088 | <0.001 | 0.295 | 0.930 | 0.487 | |||
| 1 h | 11.20 ± 0.23 | 10.45 ± 0.23 | 10.45 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 2 h | 11.95 ± 0.23 | 11.95 ± 0.23 | 11.80 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 3 h | 11.90 ± 0.23 | 11.95 ± 0.23 | 11.80 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 4 h | 11.95 ± 0.23 | 11.95 ± 0.23 | 11.90 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 5 h | 11.75 ± 0.23 | 11.75 ± 0.23 | 11.70 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 6 h | 11.95 ± 0.23 | 11.15 ± 0.23 | 11.70 ± 0.23 | |||||
| Rectal temp. (°C) | 0.517 | <0.001 | 0.073 | 0.760 | 0.359 | |||
| 0 h | 39.06 ± 0.23 | 39.12 ± 0.23 | 39.11 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 1 h | 39.46 ± 0.23 | 39.40 ± 0.23 | 39.53 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 3 h | 38.69 ± 0.23 | 38.77 ± 0.23 | 38.62 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 6 h | 39.26 ± 0.23 | 39.25 ± 0.23 | 39.85 ± 0.23 | |||||
| 24 h | 40.14 ± 0.23 | 39.55 ± 0.23 | 40.18 ± 0.23 | |||||
DA (deprivation alone), DG (deprivation with a group of littermates) and C (control, no deprivation). Data are expressed as LS means ± SE. within a row, significant differences are indicated by different superscript letters (at least p < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer test; n = 20 pigs per treatment group).