Table 3.
Relative mRNA expression of HPA-related parameters and cytokines in the hypothalamus of piglets of the different treatment groups.
| Treatment Group | p-Value (F-Test) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | DA | DG | C | Treatment | Sex | Treatment × Sex |
| MR | 1.04 ± 0.20 | 0.84 ± 0.20 | 1.12 ± 0.19 | 0.595 | 0.058 | 0.423 |
| GR | 1.01 ± 0.23 | 0.93 ± 0.23 | 1.16 ± 0.22 | 0.772 | 0.517 | 0.926 |
| CRHR1 | 1.13 ± 0.18 | 1.03 ± 0.18 | 1.24 ± 0.17 | 0.711 | 0.828 | 0.188 |
| CRHR2 | 0.95 ± 0.19 | 1.05 ± 0.19 | 1.23 ± 0.18 | 0.567 | 0.874 | 0.841 |
| TNF-α | 1.02 ± 0.19 b | 0.83 ± 0.19 b | 1.77 ± 0.18 a | <0.01 | 0.072 | 0.623 |
| IL-6 | 1.36 ± 0.20 | 0.95 ± 0.20 | 1.35 ± 0.19 | 0.260 | 0.841 | 0.430 |
| IL-10 | 0.70 ± 0.37 | 0.23 ± 0.37 | 0.77 ± 0.37 | 0.436 | 0.450 | 0.252 |
| MR/GR ratio | 1.75 ± 1.21 | 1.06 ± 1.21 | 2.80 ± 1.17 | 0.589 | 0.104 | 0.456 |
DA (deprivation alone), DG (deprivation with a group of littermates) and C (control, no deprivation); MR (mineralocorticoid receptor; NR3C2), GR (glucocorticoid receptor; NR3C1), CRHR1/CRHR2 (corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1/2), TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-alpha; TNFA), IL-6 (interleukin-6; IL6), IL-10 (interleukin-10; IL10). Data are expressed as LS means ± SE. Within a row, significant differences are indicated by different superscript letters (at least p < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer test; n = 14 pigs per treatment group).