Table 4.
Relative mRNA expression of HPA-related parameters and cytokines in the amygdala of piglets of the different treatment groups.
| Treatment Group | p-Value (F-Test) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | DA | DG | C | Treatment | Sex | Treatment × Sex |
| MR | 1.09 ± 0.11 | 0.70 ± 0.12 b | 1.42 ± 0.11 a | <0.001 | <0.05 | 0.211 |
| GR | 1.10 ± 0.17 | 1.09 ± 0.18 | 1.70 ± 0.17 | <0.05 | 0.567 | 0.965 |
| CRHR1 | 1.32 ± 0.13 | 1.14 ± 0.14 | 1.44 ± 0.13 | 0.332 | 0.104 | 0.600 |
| CRHR2 | 1.05 ± 0.11 | 0.82 ± 0.11 | 0.97 ± 0.11 | 0.272 | 0.291 | 0.387 |
| TNF-α | 1.11 ± 0.17 | 0.94 ± 0.18 | 1.42 ± 0.17 | 0.162 | 0.856 | 0.670 |
| IL-6 | 1.11 ± 0.28 | 0.72 ± 0.29 | 1.39 ± 0.28 | 0.167 | 0.424 | 0.577 |
| IL-10 | 1.35 ± 0.22 b | 0.87 ± 0.22 b | 2.01 ± 0.22 a | <0.01 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| MR/GR ratio | 1.03 ± 0.15 | 0.88 ± 0.16 | 0.95 ± 0.15 | 0.782 | <0.05 | 0.507 |
DA (deprivation alone), DG (deprivation with a group of littermates) and C (control, no deprivation); MR (mineralocorticoid receptor; NR3C2), GR (glucocorticoid receptor; NR3C1), CRHR1/CRHR2 (corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1/2), TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-alpha; TNFA), IL-6 (interleukin 6; IL6), IL-10 (interleukin-10; IL10). Data are expressed as arbitrary units after normalisation to ACTB and TBP mRNA expression as endogenous reference genes and represent the LS means ± SE. Within a row, significant differences are indicated by different superscript letters (at least p < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer test; n = 14 pigs per treatment group).