Table 1. Summary of TFF Interactions and Functions.
| Ligand | Putatative or identified receptor/protein partnera | Function (hypothetical (H) or validated (V)) | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| TFF1 | TFIZ1 (GKN2) | synergistic antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic (V) | (6,30,125) |
| MUC2/MUC5AC | mucosal protection (H) | (101,130) | |
| RF-LPS | involved in Helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric tissue (V) | (81) | |
| FCGBP | binding of microorganisms (H) | (42) | |
| TFF2 | LINGO3 | mucosal integrity and tissue repair (V) | (114) |
| DMBT1 | mucosal immunity and protection (H) | (127,130) | |
| β-integrin | cell migration (H) | (127,130) | |
| PAR4 | cell migration (V) | (48) | |
| CXCR4 | cell migration (V) | (107,112,137) | |
| MUC6 | mucosal protection (H) | (132,133,139) | |
| TFF3 | LINGO2 | protection against colitis and gastrointestinal helminths (V) | (113) |
| MUC2 | mucosal protection (H) | (103) | |
| PAR2 | downregulation of IL-6/8 and upregulation of BD2/4 (V) | (105) | |
| CXCR4/CXCR7 | cell migration (V) | (106) | |
| FCGBP | TFF3–FCGBP considered reservoir (H) | (119) | |
| DMBT1 | mucosal immunity and protection (H) | (128) |
a
GKN2: gastrokine 2; MUC: mucin; RF-LPS: oligosaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharide; BD: beta-defensin; CXCR: C-X-C chemokine receptor; PAR: protease-activated receptors; DMBT1: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1; FCGBP: IgG Fc binding protein.